Aerobic Exercise and Weight Loss Reduce Vascular Markers of Inflammation and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Women

Ryan, Alice S.; Ge, Shealinna; Blumenthal, Jacob B.; Serra, Monica C.; Prior, Steven J.; Goldberg, Andrew P.

doi:10.1111/jgs.12749

Cited by 70 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This data provided a novel clue for improving the endothelial dysfunction except for aerobic exercise and weight loss (29) in obese women, or low-carbohydrate/low-fat diets in diabetes (30). Overall, combined with the significant improvement observed in serum CRP and adiponectin levels, these results are encouraging and suggest a possible beneficial metabolic effect of ketoacid supplementation to some extent in PD patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Ketoacid Supplementation Partially Improves Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Dong

et al. 2015

Perit Dial Int

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♦ Background: A low protein diet supplemented with ketoacids has been shown to improve the metabolic profile, including insulin resistance, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but whether ketoacids alone exert similar effects is unknown. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ketoacid supplementation on insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction among 100 CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). ♦ Methods: Patients from one Chinese PD center were randomly assigned to take ketoacids (12 tablets per day) (n = 50) versus a control group (n = 50) for 6 months in an open-label parallelarm design. Daily protein intake of 0.8 -1.2 g/kg/d and daily energy intake of 25 -35 kcal/kg/d was prescribed to both groups. Insulin resistance was evaluated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) index as the primary outcome. We assessed systemic inflammation using high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), oxidative stress using plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), adipokines using leptin and adiponectin and endothelial dysfunction using serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM) as secondary outcomes. ♦ Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups except a slightly higher age in patients assigned to the intervention. A total of 89% of participants completed the 6-month intervention. There was no significant difference in the change of HOMA-IR values from baseline between groups after adjusting for baseline age, gender, body mass index and HOMA-IR. For secondary outcomes, hs-CRP varied significantly between groups (p = 0.02), increasing over time for the control group while remaining stable for the ketoacid group. Similarly, the leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) differed between groups (p < 0.001), remaining stable in the ketoacid group but increasing in the control group. ♦ Conclusion: Ketoacid therapy administered for 6 months had no effect on HOMA-IR but resulted in improvements in hs-CRP and LAR, suggesting metabolic benefit. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and any potential benefit in vascular health of PD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Ketoacid Supplementation Partially Improves Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Dong

et al. 2015

Perit Dial Int

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“…Of these, three have examined the impact on inflammatory biomarkers and all found significant decreases in CRP levels with an exercise intervention (20)(21)(22). In addition, several recent RCTs and non-RCTs have demonstrated a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers following an exercise intervention (23)(24)(25)(26)(27); however, not all of these results were independent of dietary interventions, and some studies have shown no effect (28,29). Although there is substantial evidence supporting the role of physical activity in decreasing circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers, the optimal dose of exercise has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Marker Changes in Postmenopausal Women after a Year-long Exercise Intervention Comparing High Versus Moderate Volumes

Friedenreich

O’Reilly

Shaw

et al. 2016

Cancer Prevention Research

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This randomized dose comparison trial examined if higher exercise volume decreased inflammatory biomarkers, associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, more than moderate exercise volume. The Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta was a two-center, two-armed randomized trial in 400 inactive, healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 74 years, with a body mass index of 22 to 40 kg/m 2 . Participants were randomized to high (300 minutes/week) or moderate (150 minutes/ week) volumes of aerobic exercise while maintaining usual diet. Fasting blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL6, and TNFa were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations. ITT analyses of 386 (97%) participants showed no statistically significant group differences for changes in biomarker levels at 6 and 12 months. In addition, we did not observe any modification of this effect by baseline characteristics of participants. In post hoc analyses based on self-selected exercise level (measured in minutes/week), CRP decreased by 22.45% for participants who exercised >246 minutes/week (highest quintile) and increased by 0.07% for those who exercised <110 minutes/week (lowest quintile, P trend ¼ 0.04), adjusted for baseline covariates. When this analysis was restricted to include exercise time in the target heart rate zone only, statistically significant trends were observed for both CRP (P < 0.01) and IL6 (P ¼ 0.04). Prescribing 300 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise did not improve inflammatory markers compared with 150 minutes/week in postmenopausal women. Decreases in CRP were observed with higher self-selected exercise volume.Cancer Prev Res; 9(2); 196-203. Ó2015 AACR.

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“…Recently, Ryan and colleagues [9] investigated effects of six months of aerobic training on weight loss and systemic and vascular inflammation in obese postmenopausal women. Participants were randomized into two groups, treatment and control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article showed that physical training is capable of positively modulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and other relevant factors essential to organism function. Similarly, several studies have shown the benefits of physical exercise in ameliorating chronic inflammation associated with obesity [9] [10] [11] [12], endorsing the guidelines that assist prescription in treatment of this syndrome [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies demonstrate the possibility to improve inflammatory profile, hemostasis, endothelial function, insulin sensitivity and antioxidant activity in subjects with vascular commitment when submitted to different training strategies [7] [8] [9]. Considering the interrelationship between obesity, chronic inflammation and exercise, the aim of this study was to review the literature concerning the antiinflammatory effect of physical exercise in the pathogenesis of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Physical Exercise on Obesity

Figueiredo¹,

Nunes²,

Marmett³

et al. 2017

OJEMD

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Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions, associated with chronic inflammation in response to increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines originating in adipose tissue. Exercise has been shown to be effective in combating these changes. The aim of this study was to review the anti-inflammatory effect of physical exercise in the pathogenesis of obesity. We conducted a search of the terms "exercise", "obesity" and "inflammation" on Medline and PubMed databases, restricting results to clinical trials published since 2011. The retrieved studies showed that physical exercise could, via different pathways, reduce levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as other proinflammatory markers. Additionally, exercise was able to increase expression of genes related to the production of nitric oxide, positively modulating endothelial function and chronic inflammation in obese patients, with or without caloric restriction. In conclusion, aerobic exercise of moderate intensity is an effective intervention strategy for chronic inflammation associated with obesity.

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Aerobic Exercise and Weight Loss Reduce Vascular Markers of Inflammation and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Women

Cited by 70 publications

References 56 publications

Ketoacid Supplementation Partially Improves Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Ketoacid Supplementation Partially Improves Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Inflammatory Marker Changes in Postmenopausal Women after a Year-long Exercise Intervention Comparing High Versus Moderate Volumes

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Physical Exercise on Obesity

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