Residual Effects of Low-Dose Sublingual Zolpidem on Highway Driving Performance the Morning after Middle-of-the-Night Use

Vermeeren, Annemiek; Vuurman, E.F.P.M.; Leufkens, Tim; Leeuwen, C.J. van; Oers, Anita C M Van; Laska, Eugene; Rico, Salvador; Steinberg, Frank; Roth, Thomas

doi:10.5665/sleep.3482

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…139 140 As with other zolpidem formulations, the dose of sublingual zolpidem for adult women and people of both sexes over 65 years is 1.75 mg (half the standard dose approved for younger men). [137][138][139][140][141][142] Emerging treatments Although several drugs that regulate sleep-wake cycles rather than target the GABA A receptor are in the pipeline, 143 three GABA A receptor modulators are also being investigated.…”

Section: Controversies Over Drugs For Insomniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the management of chronic insomnia

Kay-Stacey

Attarian

2016

BMJ

115

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Chronic insomnia is a common condition that affects people worldwide and has negative effects on patients' health and wellbeing. The treatment of insomnia can be complex and time consuming for patients and providers. Although behavioral interventions are the first line therapy, there are barriers to access for these treatments. However, in recent years, alternative ways of providing these behavioral therapies that make them more widely available have been investigated. Drugs also play an important role in the treatment of insomnia and new drugs have been introduced as options for treating patients with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance insomnia. In this review, we will discuss advances in the past six years in both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments for patients with chronic insomnia. We will also review the controversies surrounding some of the current drug treatments, as well as the role that technology and personal activity monitoring devices may play in treating insomnia.

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Section: Controversies Over Drugs For Insomniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the management of chronic insomnia

Kay-Stacey

Attarian

2016

BMJ

115

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“…The highway driving test (HDT) performed in the Netherlands was frequently used in ORT (40 studies out of 67). In the HDT, the examiner sits in the passenger seat, which has an operator function (i.e., a steering wheel and a pedal), and the subject drives 100 km on a highway at a speed of 95 km/h.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation method regarding the effect of psychotropic drugs on driving performance: A literature review

Iwata

Iwamoto

Kawano

et al. 2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Although automobile driving is necessary for many people, including patients with mental disorders, the influence of psychotropic drugs on driving performance remains unclear and requires scientific verification. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a review of the literature in order to aid the development of a valid evaluation method regarding the influence of medication on driving performance. We conducted a literature search using two sets of terms on PubMed. One set was related to psychotropic drugs, and the other to driving tests. We excluded reviews and case studies and added literature found on other sites. A total of 121 relevant reports were found. The experiments were roughly divided into on-the-road tests (ORT) and driving simulators (DS). Although highway driving tests in ORT are most often used to evaluate driving performance, DS are becoming increasingly common because of their safety and low cost. The validity of evaluation methods for alcohol should be verified; however, we found that there were few validated tests, especially for DS. The scenarios and measurement indices of each DS were different, which makes it difficult to compare the results of DS studies directly. No evaluation indices, except for SD of lateral position, were sufficiently validated. Although highway ORT are the gold standard, DS were shown to have an increasing role in evaluating driving performance. The reliability of DS needs to be established, as does their validation with alcohol in order to accumulate more high-quality evidence.

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“…This might be one possible mechanism through which psychological dependence occurs as the patient transitions from an acute to a chronic hypnotic user despite many viewing the pharmacological ‘sleeping pill’ as a short‐term solution and disliking the medication, much like staying in bed longer perpetuates insomnia . Delaying medication use at night also poses safety concerns relating to residual sedating effects the following day and have been implicated in road‐traffic accidents . However, most participants felt ‘Label 1’ instructions applied to the immediate hours following medication use and/or were confident about managing this ‘grogginess’ when driving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…benzodiazepines, z‐drugs and sedating antihistamines) continue to be widely used for extended periods of time in the routine management of insomnia . Acutely, sedative hypnotics impair psychomotor vigilance which, depending on the time of administration, can extend into the next day and pose safety concerns around an individual's fitness to drive . Long‐term, extended sedative hypnotics use has been associated with cognitive impairment, falls, increased mortality, potential for dependence and abuse and the possible risk of developing dementia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%