Assessment of Small C-Fiber Status for Screening of Oxidative Stress in Patients at Risk of Diabetes

Abstract

Oxidized LDL (oxLDL), anti-oxLDL antibody (anti-oxLDL) and paraoxonase (PON1) are increasingly being reported to be associated with diabetic atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress could affect also small C-fibers innervating the sweat glands even in prediabetes. Hence it could be hypothesized that sweat dysfunction may be a predictor of oxidative stress status for early detection of diabetes. Ezscan, a new device, has recently been developed to measure the sweat function. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the relevance of this Ezscan method to identify impairment in oxidative stress parameters. Plasma levels of oxLDL and anti-oxLDL were measured by enzyme immunoassay and ELISA respectively. Small C-fiber status was assessed by measurement of hand and foot sweat function with the help of Ezscan device and subsequent calculation of a risk score. Out of 82 subjects recruited in this study, 38 had impaired glucose tolerance and 6 had newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Ezscan risk score was significantly (p=0.004) correlated with oxLDL/anti-oxLDL ratio (0.32). Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for detection of oxLDL/anti-oxLDL ratio (>0.12) was 0.76. For an Ezscan risk score of 50%, the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 71% respectively. After adjustment for age and BMI, PON1 activity showed significant difference among the 3 risk groups defined by Ezscan risk score. Based on these results it may be concluded that Ezscan could be a useful screening tool in daily practice to assess alterations in oxidative stress parameters in individuals at risk of developing diabetes.

Thyroid Function and its Implications in Oxidative Stress Influencing the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Cohort Study

“…are prevalent in DS and include hypovitaminosis D (DS being a risk factor [28]), low sunlight exposure [28], endocrine disease such as hypothyroidism [11][12][13][14][15][16], hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism [28] and early menopausal age [29], autoimmunity (coeliac disease prevalence is increased in DS [30]), use of antiepileptic drugs in DS [31], aging and muscular hypotonia [28].…”

“…Thus, other markers of peripheral thyroid effects could be necessary to asses the effective thyroid function in DS indivduals. OS is a well known condition linked to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome [12][13][14]. Nonetheless, it is linked to thyroid status both in mice [15] and humans [16].…”

Σχέση Μεταξύ Της Ξηροδερμίας Των Άκρων Ποδών Με Την Εμφάνιση Ελκών Σε Άτομα Με Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη

“…[147] Πέραν της εκτίμησης της έκκρισης ιδρώτα, μελετάται με ευοίωνα αποτελέσματα μέχρι στιγμής και σε άλλες καταστάσεις , όπως η πρόβλεψη ανάπτυξης ΣΔ, σε άτομα με λιπώδη διήθηση του ήπατος και δυσλιπιδαιμία, με το σκεπτικό ότι η βλάβη της έκκρισης ιδρώτα συνεπεία αυτονόμου δυσλειτουργίας αφ' εαυτής, προηγείται της κλινικής εκδήλωσης και βιοχημικής και απεικονιστικής διάγνωσης παθήσεων. [151][152][153][154][155][156][157] Εικόνα 24. Δερματική Αντίδραση του Συμπαθητικού (Sympathetic Skin Response).…”