Simultaneous determination of five free and total flavonoids in rat plasma by ultra HPLC–MS/MS and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and hyperlipidemic rats

Bioavailability of tomato polyphenols is enhanced by processing and fat addition: Evidence from a randomized feeding trial

“…This biphasic profile has also been reported in other studies, the second peak being attributed to a glucuronidation in the liver with the participation of UDP–glucuronosyltransferase. The subsequent enterohepatic circulation of naringenin glucuronide would produce the second peak in the plasma .…”

“…Wang et al. reported that flavanols have slow rates of absorption due to their low solubility in the small intestine. Similarly, in our study the rate of absorption of Q in the three interventions was slow, with a high MRT in plasma.…”

“…Double peaks were common among the three interventions, which may be explained by enterohepatic circulation, as in the case of naringenin glucuronide. Metabolites, excreted in the bile, are secreted into the small intestine where they undergo deconjugation by the intestinal microflora, followed by reabsorption in the gut and portal blood circulation . Another possible explanation may be the aforementioned transformation of R into Q.…”

Effect of maternal antioxidant supplementation and/or exercise practice during pregnancy on postnatal overnutrition induced by litter size reduction: Brain redox homeostasis at weaning

“…The oral treatments, administered by gavage, were given just before the swimming exercise, according to the weight of each animal (measured daily), and initiated with the onset of pregnancy in the second week of swimming protocol. The scheme of naringenin administration is due to its increasing availability in plasma immediately after it is ingested (Wang et al, 2014b; Mata‐Bilbao Mde et al, 2007). The dose was defined according to its neuroprotective action reported in the literature (Raza et al, 2013; Sabarinathan et al, 2011).…”

Metabolic profiles of the Flos Abelmoschus manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from the normal and CKD model rats based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS

“…Furthermore, Flos A. manihot is now used as the ingredient of ‘HuangKui Capsule’ (commercial name) and has been approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration (Z19990040) for the conventional therapy of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome, purpura nephritis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy (Guo et al, ; Mao et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Extensive phytochemical and pharmacological investigations have revealed that the major bioactive compounds of Flos A. manihot are flavonoids such as hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin‐3′‐ O ‐glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, hibifolin (gossypetin‐8‐ O ‐glucuronide) and gossypetin (Lai, Liang, Zhao, & Wang, ; Liu et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”