Alcoholic and isocaloric diet, but not ovariectomy, influence the apoptosis of bone cells within the alveolar bone crest of rats

Influence of chronic alcoholism and estrogen deficiency on the immunohistochemical expression of regulatory proteins of the bone resorption process in the periodontium of Wistar rats

“…In this study, the cells considered osteoclasts were detected by simple visual inspection as multinuclear cells in close contact with the alveolar bone crest as previously described (Marchini et al, 2014). However, this type of method has limitations and this is not considered a very accurate method to detect osteoclasts.…”

“…Although the animals with the alcoholic diet had free access to solid food, they ate significantly less compared to animals with the ad libitum diet. Alcohol is a substance with high caloric value (7.1 Kcal/g), which usually causes the animal to replace nutritionally important foods with alcohol (Lieber, 2000;Marchini et al, 2012Marchini et al, , 2014. In the present experiment, to control the influence of this variable, we used an isocaloric diet, in which the animals received a similar amount of calories as the alcoholic diet.…”

“…For the alcohol groups, the percentage of daily calories from alcohol was calculated. Calculations were performed as previously published (Marchini et al, 2012(Marchini et al, , 2014.…”

“…The dietary aspects of this study, as well the surgical procedures, were based on previously published studies which also analyzed the influence of alcohol consumption (20%) and estrogen deficiency in the periodontium of rats (Alonso, Souza, Balducci, & Rocha, 2016;Marchini et al, 2012Marchini et al, , 2014 or other rat tissues (de Deco et al, 2011;Lodi, Marchini, Santo, Rode, & Rocha, 2016;Salgado, Marchini, Tera, Rocha, & Marchini, 2015). However, it is important to highlight that the present study is not part of the abovementioned studies, as we used different animals and different analyses.…”

“…1B). Bone cells were evaluated according to their morphology and location, as previously suggested (Marchini et al, 2014). Uninuclear cells in close contact with the surface of the bone crest were considered to be osteoblasts, cells entrapped In this region, the quantitative analyses of the percentage of immunostaining and the counting of the immunostained bone cells were performed.…”