“…19 Perioperative complications, evaluated by ICD-9-CM codes from the NIS database, are equivalent, if not lower than previous reports, and this might be a result of increased surgeon experience. 2,4,5,20 The rate of a laparoscopic converted to an open APR in this study was low. This may be secondary to the implementation of robotic assistance or the use of hand-assisted laparoscopy.…”