Fate and survival of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and <i>Escherichia coli</i><scp>O157</scp>:<scp>H7</scp> in repacked soil lysimeters after application of cattle slurry and human urine

Nyberg, Karin; Ottoson, Jakob; Vinnerås, Björn; Albihn, Ann

doi:10.1002/jsfa.6593

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…These results are in agreement with previous work that shows that attO157 populations in PL-amended soils contained in lysimeters declined more slowly than in cattle manure-amended soils in fields where the temperatures ranged from 8.1 to 19.08C (12). The extended survival of gEc and attO157 in PLamended soils in large containers in study 2 may be due to higher nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) that PL provides to amended soils compared with unamended soil or HM-amended soil ( Table 2) (13). Compared with HM, the fine particle size of the added PL may have increased the surface area and number of particles to which microbes could adsorb (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This finding is unsurprising because the soils had similar total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon: nitrogen values (Table 1). In a separate study, D-values (decline of 1 log CFU/g) for E. coli O157:H7 populations were calculated to be 29 and 37 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively, amended with cattle slurry manure (13). Their study was conducted in lysimeters (0.295-m internal diameter, 1.0-m length) that were kept outdoors and were exposed to an average temperature ranging between 15 and 258C over the first 60 days of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and Persistence of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli and Attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils Amended with Animal Manure in a Greenhouse Environment

Sharma

Millner

Hashem

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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Animal manure provides benefits to agriculture but may contain pathogens that contaminate ready-to-eat produce. U.S. Department of Agriculture National Organic Program standards include 90- or 120-day intervals between application of manure and harvest of crop to minimize risks of pathogen contamination of fresh produce. Data on factors affecting survival of Escherichia coli in soils under greenhouse conditions are needed. Three separate studies were conducted to evaluate survival of nonpathogenic E. coli (gEc) and attenuated E. coli O157:H7 (attO157) inoculated at either low (4 log CFU/ml) or high (6 log CFU/ml) populations over 56 days. Studies involved two pot sizes (small, 398 cm(3); large, 89 liters), three soil types (sandy loam, SL; clay loam, CL; silt loam, SIL), and four amendments (poultry litter, PL; dairy manure liquids, DML; horse manure, HM; unamended). Amendments were applied to the surface of the soil in either small or large containers. Study 1, conducted in regularly irrigated small containers, showed that populations of gEc and attO157 (2.84 to 2.88 log CFU/g) in PL-amended soils were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those in DML-amended (0.29 to 0.32 log CFU/g [dry weight] [gdw]) or unamended (0.25 to 0.28 log CFU/gdw) soils; soil type did not affect E. coli survival. Results from study 2, in large pots with CL and SIL, showed that PL-amended soils supported significantly higher attO157 and gEc populations compared with HM-amended or unamended soils. Study 3 compared results from small and large containers that received high inoculum simultaneously. Overall, in both small and large containers, PLamended soils supported higher gEc and attO157 populations compared with HM-amended and unamended soils. Populations of attO157 were significantly greater in small containers (1.83 log CFU/gdw) than in large containers (0.65 log CFU/gdw) at week 8, perhaps because small containers received more regular irrigation than large pots. Regular irrigation of small pots may have affected E. coli persistence in manure-amended soils. Overall, PL-amended soils in both small and large containers supported E. coli survival at higher populations compared with DML-, HM-, or unamended soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and Persistence of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli and Attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils Amended with Animal Manure in a Greenhouse Environment

Sharma

Millner

Hashem

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Typhimurium six weeks after application of low-density inoculated manure and 14 weeks after application with high-density Salmonella -inoculated manure in a tropical climate [ 15 ]. Salmonella Typhimurium has been shown to persist in soil 180 days after application of cattle slurry in Sweden [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Manure Application in Commercial Swine Farms on the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella in the Environment

Pornsukarom

Thakur

2016

PLoS ONE

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Land application of swine manure in commercial hog farms is an integral part of their waste management system which recycles the nutrients back to the soil. However, manure application can lead to the dissemination of bacterial pathogens in the environment and pose a serious public health threat. The aim of this study was to determine the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in the environment due to manure application in commercial swine farms in North Carolina (n = 6) and Iowa (n = 7), two leading pork producing states in the US. We collected manure and soil samples twice on day 0 (before and after manure application) from four distinct plots of lands (5 soil samples/plot) located at 20 feet away from each other in the field. Subsequent soil samples were collected again on days 7, 14, 21 from the same plots. A total of 1,300 soil samples (NC = 600; IA = 700) and 130 manure samples (NC = 60; IA = 70) were collected and analyzed in this study. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 13.22% (189/1,430), represented by 10.69% and 38.46% prevalence in soil and manure, respectively. The prevalence in NC (25.45%) was significantly higher than in IA (2.73%) (P<0.001) and a consistent decrease in Salmonella prevalence was detected from Day 0-Day 21 in all the farms that tested positive. Salmonella serotypes detected in NC were not detected in IA, thereby highlighting serotype association based on manure storage and soil application method used in the two regions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the broth microdilution method to a panel of 15 antimicrobial drugs. A high frequency of isolates (58.73%) were multidrug resistant (resistance to three or more class of antimicrobials) and the most frequent resistance was detected against streptomycin (88.36%), sulfisoxazole (67.2%), and tetracycline (57.67%). Genotypic characterization by pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed clonally related Salmonella in both manure and soil at multiple time points in the positive farms. Our study highlights the potential role of swine manure application in the dissemination and persistence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in the environment.

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“…Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in sandy soils was directly and positively related to the relationship with dissolved organic carbon/biomass carbon, while dissolved organic nitrogen and microbial diversity affected the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in loamy soils (18). Populations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium declined by 1 log CFU/g in 32.1 and 32.7 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively, amended with cattle manure slurry (21). E. coli O157:H7 populations declined by 1 log CFU/g in 29 and 37 days, in sandy and clay soils, respectively, amended with cattle slurry manure (21).…”

Section: Effect Of Soil Type On Survival Of Pathogens In Manure-amendmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Populations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium declined by 1 log CFU/g in 32.1 and 32.7 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively, amended with cattle manure slurry (21). E. coli O157:H7 populations declined by 1 log CFU/g in 29 and 37 days, in sandy and clay soils, respectively, amended with cattle slurry manure (21). This study was performed in lysimeters (0.295 in internal diameter, 1.0 m length) which were kept outdoors and exposed to an average temperature ranging between 15 and 25°C over the first 60 days of the experiment.…”

Section: Effect Of Soil Type On Survival Of Pathogens In Manure-amendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Soil Amendments: Survival of Bacterial Pathogens in Manure and Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers

Sharma

Reynnells

2016

Microbiol Spectr

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Biological soil amendments (BSAs) such as manure and compost are frequently used as organic fertilizers to improve the physical and chemical properties of soils. However, BSAs have been known to be a reservoir for enteric bacterial pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. There are numerous mechanisms by which manure may transfer pathogens to growing fruits and vegetables, and several outbreaks of infections have been linked to manure-related contamination of leafy greens. In the United States several commodity-specific guidelines and current and proposed federal rules exist to provide guidance on the application of BSAs as fertilizers to soils, some of which require an interval between the application of manure to soils and the harvest of fruits and vegetables. This review examines the survival, persistence, and regrowth/resuscitation of bacterial pathogens in manure, biosolids, and composts. Moisture, along with climate and the physicochemical properties of soil, manure, or compost, plays a significant role in the ability of pathogens to persist and resuscitate in amended soils. Adaptation of enteric bacterial pathogens to the nonhost environment of soils may also extend their persistence in manure- or compost-amended soils. The presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in soils may also be increased by manure application. Overall, BSAs applied as fertilizers to soils can support the survival and regrowth of pathogens. BSAs should be handled and applied in a manner that reduces the prevalence of pathogens in soils and the likelihood of transfer of food-borne pathogens to fruits and vegetables. This review will focus on two BSAs-raw manure and composted manure (and other feedstocks)-and predominantly on the survival of enteric bacterial pathogens in BSAs as applied to soils as organic fertilizers.

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Fate and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coliO157:H7 in repacked soil lysimeters after application of cattle slurry and human urine

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Survival and Persistence of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli and Attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils Amended with Animal Manure in a Greenhouse Environment

Survival and Persistence of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli and Attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils Amended with Animal Manure in a Greenhouse Environment

Assessing the Impact of Manure Application in Commercial Swine Farms on the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella in the Environment

Importance of Soil Amendments: Survival of Bacterial Pathogens in Manure and Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers

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