Salivary biomarkers of bacterial burden, inflammatory response, and tissue destruction in periodontitis

Salminen, Aino; Gürsoy, Ulvi Kahraman; Paju, Susanna; Hyvärinen, Kati; Mäntylä, Päivi; Buhlin, Kåre; Könönen, Eija; Nieminen, Markku S.; Sorsa, Timo; Sinisalo, Juha; Pussinen, Pirkko J.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12234

Cited by 121 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This results in increased levels of MMP-8 during periodontitis. Various studies have demonstrated increased MMP-8 levels related to periodontitis severity and course [21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

Gupta

Gupta²,

Khan

et al. 2014

Front. Med.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. Any imbalance between the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by neutrophils and tissue inhibitors initiates the destruction of collagen in gum tissue, leading to chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to correlate salivary levels of MMP-8 and periodontal parameters of chronic periodontitis to establish MMP-8 as a noninvasive marker for the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The study involved 40 subjects visiting the periodontic OPD of Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, located in Aligarh, U.P., India, from 2011 to 2012. The subjects were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 20 periodontally healthy subjects (controls) while group II consisted of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Around 3ml of unstimulated and whole expectorated saliva was collected for MMP-8 estimation by ELISA using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay kits. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA (Windows version 6) software. Salivary MMP-8 levels of groups I and II were 190.91 ± 143.89 ng/ml and 348.26 ± 202.1 ng/ml, respectively. The MMP-8 levels and periodontal status (PPD, CAL, GI, and PI) of groups I and II showed positive and significant correlations (for PPD, r = 0.63, P < 0.001; for CAL, r = 0.54, P < 0.001; for GI, r = 0.49, P < 0.001; and for PI, r = 0.63, P < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate elevated concentrations of MMP-8 in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

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“…This results in increased levels of MMP-8 during periodontitis. Various studies have demonstrated increased MMP-8 levels related to periodontitis severity and course [21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

Gupta

Gupta²,

Khan

et al. 2014

Front. Med.

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“…Biomarkers that are known to influence the prediction and progression of periodontal diseases should be investigated for statistical correlation to each other. Examples of biomarkers which can contribute to this are IL-1 β and MMP-8 whereby Salminen et al [129] used three salivary biomarkers together to diagnose periodontal disease. …”

Section: Recommendations For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.

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“…However, its major shortcoming is that the gingival sulcus must be probed by a dentist; this probing may also be painful. Thus, other approaches including salivary diagnostics that can be performed by nonexpert examiners have been suggested [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of a New Kit Measuring Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level for Screening Gingivitis

et al. 2017

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Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a new kit that can evaluate salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LD) level in real time for screening gingivitis. Materials and Methods. The study included 70 systemic healthy volunteers [29 males and 41 females; mean age ± SD: 24.1 ± 2.6 years]. Resting saliva was collected from each participant and LD level was evaluated in real time using the kit (a color-changing sheet with an integer scale ranging from 1 to 10). A dentist measured probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the proportion of sites with bleeding on probing (% BOP) at six sites on all teeth. Gingivitis was diagnosed when the BOP value was ≥20%. Results. Salivary LD level was positively correlated with mean % BOP (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.132–1.916, and P < 0.001) in a logistic regression model. The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 0.89 and 0.98, respectively, at a cut-off value of 8.0 for LD level. Conclusions. The new kit for measurement of salivary LD level may be a useful tool to screen for gingivitis in young adults, which contributes to early detection of future periodontitis.

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Salivary biomarkers of bacterial burden, inflammatory response, and tissue destruction in periodontitis

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Validity of a New Kit Measuring Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level for Screening Gingivitis

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