Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. Any imbalance between the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by neutrophils and tissue inhibitors initiates the destruction of collagen in gum tissue, leading to chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to correlate salivary levels of MMP-8 and periodontal parameters of chronic periodontitis to establish MMP-8 as a noninvasive marker for the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The study involved 40 subjects visiting the periodontic OPD of Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, located in Aligarh, U.P., India, from 2011 to 2012. The subjects were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 20 periodontally healthy subjects (controls) while group II consisted of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Around 3ml of unstimulated and whole expectorated saliva was collected for MMP-8 estimation by ELISA using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay kits. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA (Windows version 6) software. Salivary MMP-8 levels of groups I and II were 190.91 ± 143.89 ng/ml and 348.26 ± 202.1 ng/ml, respectively. The MMP-8 levels and periodontal status (PPD, CAL, GI, and PI) of groups I and II showed positive and significant correlations (for PPD, r = 0.63, P < 0.001; for CAL, r = 0.54, P < 0.001; for GI, r = 0.49, P < 0.001; and for PI, r = 0.63, P < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate elevated concentrations of MMP-8 in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Salivary Colony Stimulating Factor‐1 and Interleukin‐34 in Periodontal Disease

“…In the present study, MMP‐8 levels in saliva are significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared with healthy patients, which has been shown in several studies 6 , 31 , 32 . Periodontal clinical parameters are frequently found to be positively correlated with MMP‐8, and the observed correlation here with PD is in line with previous work 31 , 32 .…”

Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels in periodontal disease patients: A systematic review

“…After screening by reading the titles and abstracts, 95 studies were considered as potentially eligible and were read in full by the evaluators. At the end of the analyses, six articles published between 2008 and 2016 met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review . The flowchart of article screening and selection process is displayed in Figure .…”

“…When evaluating patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, Gupta et al observed higher MMP‐8 levels in SF of patients presenting chronic periodontal disease (348.26 ng/mL) when compared with subjects in the control group (190.91 ng/mL).…”

“…A study conducted by Gupta et alevaluated MMP‐8 levels in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease and controls. Significantly higher ( P < .005) levels of MMP‐8 were found in patients with periodontal disease compared with control patients, as well as significant relationships between MMP‐8 and all clinical parameters analyzed, namely probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index and plaque index ( P < .005).…”

“…MMP‐8 in SF presented strong potential for use as a biomarker. Comparison of SF and gingival crevicular fluid collection methodologies revealed that collection of SF is simpler because gingival crevicular fluid material takes longer to collect and only a small sample is obtained, which is frequently contaminated with blood and/or dental calculus from the filter paper . The disadvantage of SF analysis is the inability to detect, with any accuracy, the site(s) of periodontal disease activity .…”