Abstract:Background: Prevalence studies of Internet addiction in the general population are rare. In addition, a lack of approved criteria hampers estimation of its occurrence. Aims: This study conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) in a large general population sample to estimate prevalence. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted based on a random digit dialling procedure including landline telephone (n = 14,022) and cell phone numbers (n = 1,001) in participants aged 14-64. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS… Show more
“…In a German sample with age 14-16 years, girls appeared to show a higher prevalence of addictions to the Internet and SNSs [65], but on the other hand among Turkish teacher candidates (young adults), the trend was reversed, suggesting males were significantly more likely to be addicted to using FB [66], and in a young adult Chinese group, authors reported that they did not find a relationship between gender and SNS dependence [67]. According to our results, we did not find a significant gender differences according to FB overuse and addiction behviours, but both of them were higher in female adolescents.…”
OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, using social network sites (SNSs) has grown and become an integral part of daily routine for adolescents. As known, ADHD is a major public health problem for all addiction types, including the Internet and SNSs addiction. Our aim was to examine the effect of ADHD, impulsivity types, using motivations, internalizing and externalizing symptoms on Facebook (FB) overuse and FB addiction among adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from ADHD and non-ADHD adolescents who were applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry and have an active FB account. We used FB Use and Motivations Form, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Bergen FB Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Long form (CASS:L). RESULTS: Our results indicated that ADHD adolescents have more fake FB accounts, have their own accounts for longer time, are using FB for more motivation types and FB overuse is more frequent than in non-ADHD counterparts. According to the degree of FB use, we have shown that adolescents with FB overuse behaviour have more externalizing symptoms and have higher CASS:L and Barrat impulsivity scores than others. Risk factors for FB overuse are: having a fake FB account and having higher ADHD index scores; risk factors for FB addiction are: higher attentional impulsivity, higher conduct problems scores and higher ADHD index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have improved our understanding about the risk factors of a new behavioural addiction type among adolescents.
ARTICLE HISTORY
“…In a German sample with age 14-16 years, girls appeared to show a higher prevalence of addictions to the Internet and SNSs [65], but on the other hand among Turkish teacher candidates (young adults), the trend was reversed, suggesting males were significantly more likely to be addicted to using FB [66], and in a young adult Chinese group, authors reported that they did not find a relationship between gender and SNS dependence [67]. According to our results, we did not find a significant gender differences according to FB overuse and addiction behviours, but both of them were higher in female adolescents.…”
OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, using social network sites (SNSs) has grown and become an integral part of daily routine for adolescents. As known, ADHD is a major public health problem for all addiction types, including the Internet and SNSs addiction. Our aim was to examine the effect of ADHD, impulsivity types, using motivations, internalizing and externalizing symptoms on Facebook (FB) overuse and FB addiction among adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from ADHD and non-ADHD adolescents who were applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry and have an active FB account. We used FB Use and Motivations Form, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Bergen FB Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Long form (CASS:L). RESULTS: Our results indicated that ADHD adolescents have more fake FB accounts, have their own accounts for longer time, are using FB for more motivation types and FB overuse is more frequent than in non-ADHD counterparts. According to the degree of FB use, we have shown that adolescents with FB overuse behaviour have more externalizing symptoms and have higher CASS:L and Barrat impulsivity scores than others. Risk factors for FB overuse are: having a fake FB account and having higher ADHD index scores; risk factors for FB addiction are: higher attentional impulsivity, higher conduct problems scores and higher ADHD index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have improved our understanding about the risk factors of a new behavioural addiction type among adolescents.
ARTICLE HISTORY
“…However, other tests are starting to be used, including the Revised Generalized and Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS2) [60] and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) [61]. Recently, new techniques have been applied to estimate prevalence, such as latent class analysis [62]. Lastly, with regard to risk factors, common characteristics such as time spent on the Internet, online gaming, social applications, mood regulation, and desire thinking appear to increase the probability of IA, whereas other sociodemographic factors, such as gender, age, immigration, marriage, and employment status, do not.…”
Section: Main Findings Of Studies On the Prevalence Of Internet Addicmentioning
During the past two decades, Internet addiction (IA) has been the most commonly used term in research into online activities and their influence on the development of behavioral addictions. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of the concept of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), proposed by the American Psychiatric Association, on the scientific literature regarding IA. It presents a bibliometric analysis of the IA literature starting from the time IGD was first proposed, with the objective of observing and comparing the topics that have arisen during this period among the different IA themes researched. The findings demonstrate a steady evolution, particularly regarding publications related to the general aspects of IA: its clinical component, its prevalence and psychometric measures, the growing interest in the contextual factors promoting this addictive behavior, scientific progress in its conceptualization based on existing theoretical models, and neuropsychological studies. Nevertheless, many of the studies (22 %) focus on specific IA behaviors and show heterogeneity among the cyberaddictions, with online gaming (related to IGD) most common, followed by cybersex and social networking. Although research on the general concept of IA continues, investigators have begun to pay attention to the diverse spectrum of specific cyberaddictions and their psychological components.
“…67 On the other hand, despite the difficulties concerning the diagnosis and heterogeneity of instruments to assess IA, most studies reporting prevalence rates for IA suffer from sampling selection biases due to systematic use of nonprobability sampling techniques (eg, convenience samples) and over-reliance on specific samples (eg, adolescents or adults). 68 Consequently, these two issues compromise the validity of most prevalence studies whilst also limiting possible comparisons of prevalence rates across different cultural contexts. In order to mitigate some of the problems related to this aspect of IA research, this section only presents findings from studies that recruited participants using probability sampling techniques and/or included nationally representative samples.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, prevalence rates for IA ranged from a minimum of 1% in one study to a maximum of 18.7% in another. 68,69 While all studies used cross-sectional designs to assess prevalence rates in different countries, significant heterogeneity in the assessment of IA was found alongside some arbitrariness in terms of the cutoff points adopted to ascertain prevalence rates, even when researchers had used the same instrument. It is worth mentioning that almost half of the studies included (ie, five of 12) did not assess IA with a psychometrically validated instrument.…”
Abstract:Research into Internet addiction (IA) has grown rapidly over the last decade. The topic has generated a great deal of debate, particularly in relation to how IA can be defined conceptually as well as the many methodological limitations. The present review aims to further elaborate and clarify issues that are relevant to IA research in a number of areas including: definition and characterization, incidence and prevalence rates, associated neuronal processes, and implications for treatment, prevention, and patient-specific considerations. It is concluded that there is no consensual definition for IA. Prevalence rates among nationally representative samples across several countries vary greatly (from 1% to 18.7%), most likely reflecting the lack of methodological consistency and conceptual rigor of the studies. The overlaps between IA and other more traditional substance-based addictions and the possible neural substrates implicated in IA are also highlighted. In terms of treatment and prevention, both psychological and pharmacological treatments are examined in light of existing evidence alongside particular aspects inherent to the patient perspective. Based on the evidence analyzed, it is concluded that IA may pose a serious health hazard to a minority of people.
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