Acute Exposure of Rabbit Eyes to Artificial Light<i>in Vivo</i>: Effect on Corneal and Third Eyelid Conjunctival Histology and the Gene Expression of PAFR

Varsamidou, Efterpi; Markopoulou, Soultana; Karayannopoulou, Georgia; Kalpatsanidis, Antonis; Kokkas, Vassileios; Karampatakis, Vasileios; Goulas, A.

doi:10.3109/02713683.2013.853195

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The nictitating membrane can extend over the cornea as a result of the whole eye retracting into the bony orbital cavity surrounding the eye . As such, a nictitating membrane response can occur when there is exposure to high doses of UV‐R, a response that could serve to protect the cornea . It is therefore important to note that if the eyelids are held open during experimental UV‐B exposure of rabbit eyes, there can be no protective response (see the section discussing the preparation of rabbits for UV‐R exposure).…”

Section: In Vivo Observational Assessments Of the Rabbit Cornea Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following exposure to very high doses of UV‐B, it has also been reported that new blood vessels can form and grow into the peripheral cornea , a process that may be referred to as neovascularization . The nictitating membrane is also covered with conjunctival cells and these can be adversely affected by UV‐R exposure .…”

Section: In Vivo Observational Assessments Of the Rabbit Cornea Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods of Assessment of the Corneas of the Eyes Laboratory Rabbits Exposed to Solar Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Doughty

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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The goal of this review was to identify and discuss the specialized methods that have been used to assess the corneas of the eyes of living rabbits exposed to the damaging effects of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B). From publications reviewed between 1916 and 2018, both albino and pigmented rabbits were used, usually being young adults weighing between 2 and 2.5 kg, and with many recent studies carried out under sedation. Older assessments were generally based on the use of in vivo slitlamp examinations, sometimes with the use of fluorescein or rose bengal to identify damaged cells, supported by light microscopy (histology) of excised corneas. In later years (after 1960), these structural studies have included in vivo and ex vivo specular microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as impression cytology. Early studies included measurements of the thickness of excised corneal specimens but in vivo pachymetry methods were widely used from the 1980s. Other assessments have included measurement of light transmission spectra of excised corneas, measures of metabolites in isolated corneas or staining corneal specimens for enzyme activities. While a wide range of specialized methods have been used, most of them have provided only descriptions of the effects of UV‐B.

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Section: In Vivo Observational Assessments Of the Rabbit Cornea Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Observational Assessments Of the Rabbit Cornea Beformentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Assessment of the Corneas of the Eyes Laboratory Rabbits Exposed to Solar Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Doughty

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Physiological differences based on species may therefore impact the applicability of using animal responses to predict the human response. For example, the presence of the nictitating membrane, an inner, translucent membrane that can extend and retract over the corneal surface in the rabbit, may influence the corneal response to stimuli (Varsamidou et al, 2014) compared to the human, which lacks this structural feature. Interspecies variability is also exemplified by relative differences in corneal thickness with the bovine cornea having one of the thickest corneas (800-1000 μm) of animal models (Doughty, 2000).…”

Section: Challenges With Current Approaches To Predict Ocular Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal pain and experimental model development

McKay

Seyed‐Razavi

Ghezzi

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The cornea is a valuable tissue for studying peripheral sensory nerve structure and regeneration due to its avascularity, transparency, and dense innervation. Somatosensory innervation of the cornea serves to identify changes in environmental stimuli at the ocular surface, thereby promoting barrier function to protect the eye against injury or infection. Due to regulatory demands to screen ocular safety of potential chemical exposure, a need remains to develop functional human tissue models to predict ocular damage and pain using in vitro-based systems to increase throughput and minimize animal use. In this review, we summarize the anatomical and functional roles of corneal innervation in propagation of sensory input, corneal neuropathies associated with pain, and the status of current in vivo and in vitro models. Emphasis is placed on tissue engineering approaches to study the human corneal pain response in vitro with integration of proper cell types, controlled microenvironment, and high-throughput readouts to predict pain induction. Further developments in this field will aid in defining molecular signatures to distinguish acute and chronic pain triggers based on the immune response and epithelial, stromal, and neuronal interactions that occur at the ocular surface that lead to functional outcomes in the brain depending on severity and persistence of the stimulus.

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Gender differences in UV-induced skin inflammation, skin carcinogenesis and systemic damage

Zhong

Chen

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Acute Exposure of Rabbit Eyes to Artificial Lightin Vivo: Effect on Corneal and Third Eyelid Conjunctival Histology and the Gene Expression of PAFR

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Methods of Assessment of the Corneas of the Eyes Laboratory Rabbits Exposed to Solar Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Methods of Assessment of the Corneas of the Eyes Laboratory Rabbits Exposed to Solar Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Corneal pain and experimental model development

Gender differences in UV-induced skin inflammation, skin carcinogenesis and systemic damage

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