“…Lower limb amputations are found in Europe (Stuckert & Kricun, 2011), Egypt (Dupras, Williams, de Meyer, et al, 2010), and America (Verano et al, 2000; Więckowski, 2016). Amputations found in archeological contexts are usually caused by traumatic incidents, surgeries, rituals, and penalties (e.g., Bloom et al, 1995; Brothwell & Møller‐Christensen, 1963; Buquet‐Marcon et al, 2007; Dupras, Williams, de Meyer, et al, 2010; Mavroforou et al, 2014; Verano et al, 2000; Zäuner et al, 2013). However, it remains a challenge to differentiate the actual causes of ancient amputations.…”