Influence of feeding state on neurofunctional differences between individuals who are obese and normal weight: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Kennedy, James T.; Dimitropoulos, Anastasia

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.017

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, consistent with the rodent findings noted above, a recent fMRI study with humans showed that the effect of satiation on the hippocampal response to palatable and energy-dense food was specifically associated with the meal’s ability to increase triglyceride, and reduce ghrelin, levels [33]. Hippocampal activation is also modulated as a function of obesity and feeding state by interoceptive signals of gastric distension [34] and by visual images of foods [35]. …”

Section: Supporting Datamentioning

confidence: 69%

The outward spiral: a vicious cycle model of obesity and cognitive dysfunction

Hargrave

Jones

Davidson

2016

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Chronic failure to suppress intake during states of positive energy balance leads to weight gain and obesity. The ability to use context – including interoceptive satiety states – to inhibit responding to previously rewarded cues appears to depend on the functional integrity of the hippocampus. Recent evidence implicates energy dense Western diets in several types of hippocampal dysfunction, including reduced expression of neurotrophins and nutrient transporters, increased inflammation, microglial activation, and blood brain barrier permeability. The functional consequences of such insults include impairments in an animal’s ability to modulate responding to a previously reinforced cues. We propose that such deficits promote overeating, which can further exacerbate hippocampal dysfunction and thus initiate a vicious cycle of both obesity and progressive cognitive decline.

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Section: Supporting Datamentioning

confidence: 69%

The outward spiral: a vicious cycle model of obesity and cognitive dysfunction

Hargrave

Jones

Davidson

2016

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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“…Consistent with other reviews , we found that a variety of factors moderated sex/gender differences in responses to food stimuli including state (fasted vs. fed) and stimuli type. Relative to results from studies examining visual food stimuli, responses to gustatory stimuli were mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex/gender differences in neural correlates of food stimuli: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies

et al. 2017

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Sex and gender differences in food perceptions and eating behaviors have been reported in psychological and behavioral studies. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize studies that examined sex/gender differences in neural correlates of food stimuli, as assessed by functional neuroimaging. Published studies to 2016 were retrieved and included if they used food or eating stimuli, assessed patients with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET), and compared activation between males and females. Fifteen studies were identified. In response to visual food cues, females, compared to males, showed increased activation in the frontal, limbic, and striatal areas of the brain as well as the fusiform gyrus. Differences in neural response to gustatory stimuli were inconsistent. This body of literature suggests that females may be more reactive to visual food stimuli. However, findings are based on a small number of studies and additional research is needed to establish a more definitive explanation and conclusion.

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“…Furthermore, a single meal also significantly attenuates the response to food cues in the insula and PFC in OR as compared to OP individuals (Cornier et al, 2013). Recent meta-analyses have also found that obese individuals appear to have great activation in the PFC, insula, and caudate when fed as compared to normal weight individuals (Kennedy and Dimitropoulos, 2014; Pursey et al, 2014). These findings suggest that individuals who are prone to obesity and who already are obese do not seem to be as sensitive to food cues during times of acute and short-term positive energy balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propensity to Obesity Impacts the Neuronal Response to Energy Imbalance

Cornier

McFadden

Thomas

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The mechanisms responsible for the propensity to gain weight or remain normal weight are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to study the neuronal response to visual food cues during short-term energy imbalance in healthy adults recruited as obesity-resistant (OR) or obesity-prone (OP) based on self-identification, body mass index, and personal/family weight history. Twenty-five OR and 28 OP subjects were studied in underfed (UF) and overfed (OF) as compared to eucaloric (EU) conditions in a randomized crossover design. Each study phase included a 3-day run-in diet, 1 day of controlled feeding (basal energy needs for EU, 40% above/below basal energy needs for OF/UF), and a test day. On the test day, fMRI was performed in the acute fed stated (30 min after a test meal) while subjects viewed images of foods of high hedonic value and neutral non-food objects. Measures of appetite and hormones were also performed before and every 30 min after the test meal. UF was associated with significantly increased activation of insula, somatosensory cortex, inferior and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), parahippocampus, precuneus, cingulate, and visual cortex in OR. However, UF had no impact in OP. As a result, UF was associated with significantly greater activation, specifically in the insula, inferior PFC, and somatosensory cortex in OR as compared to OP. While OF was overall associated with reduced activation of inferior visual cortex, no group interaction was observed with OF. In summary, these findings suggest that individuals resistant to weight gain and obesity are more sensitive to short-term energy imbalance, particularly with UF, than those prone to weight gain. The inability to sense or adapt to changes in energy balance may represent an important mechanism contributing to excess energy intake and risk for obesity.

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Influence of feeding state on neurofunctional differences between individuals who are obese and normal weight: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

The outward spiral: a vicious cycle model of obesity and cognitive dysfunction

The outward spiral: a vicious cycle model of obesity and cognitive dysfunction

Sex/gender differences in neural correlates of food stimuli: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies

Propensity to Obesity Impacts the Neuronal Response to Energy Imbalance

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