Increase in transcript accumulation of Psy1 and e-Lcy genes in grain development is associated with differences in seed carotenoid content between durum wheat and tritordeum

Rodríguez-Suárez, Cristina; Mellado-Ortega, Elena; Hornero‐Méndez, Dámaso; Atienza, Sergio G.

doi:10.1007/s11103-013-0160-y

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Thus, carotenoid content has become an important apple breeding objective [ 25 , 31 , 34 ]. The phytoene synthase step is known to play a significant role in the carotenoid pathway because of its position as the first committed step, potentially controlling the flux downstream [ 65 , 66 ]. Many plant species are known to have multiple PSY genes, including apple [ 34 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content

et al. 2015

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BackgroundCarotenoid compounds play essential roles in plants such as protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and in hormone signalling. Coloured carotenoids provide yellow, orange and red colour to plant tissues, as well as offering nutritional benefit to humans and animals. The enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyses the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and has been associated with control of pathway flux. We characterised four PSY genes found in the apple genome to further understand their involvement in fruit carotenoid accumulation.ResultsThe apple PSY gene family, containing six members, was predicted to have three functional members, PSY1, PSY2, and PSY4, based on translation of the predicted gene sequences and/or corresponding cDNAs. However, only PSY1 and PSY2 showed activity in a complementation assay. Protein localisation experiments revealed differential localization of the PSY proteins in chloroplasts; PSY1 and PSY2 localized to the thylakoid membranes, while PSY4 localized to plastoglobuli. Transcript levels in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apple cultivars showed PSY2 was most highly expressed in fruit and other vegetative tissues. We tested the transient activation of the apple PSY1 and PSY2 promoters and identified potential and differential regulation by AP2/ERF transcription factors, which suggested that the PSY genes are controlled by different transcriptional mechanisms.ConclusionThe first committed carotenoid pathway step in apple is controlled by MdPSY1 and MdPSY2, while MdPSY4 play little or no role in this respect. This has implications for apple breeding programmes where carotenoid enhancement is a target and would allow co-segregation with phenotypes to be tested during the development of new cultivars.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0573-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content

et al. 2015

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“…As observed in wheat, Phytoene synthase 1 enzymes are the main responsible of the high lutein content in tritordeum and durum wheat grains (Ficco et al, 2014;Rodríguez-Suárez et al, 2010). Besides, a high proportion of lutein is esterified with fatty acids in tritordeum, including both lutein monoesters and diesters, whereas in durum wheat very low amounts of lutein monoesters are detected (Atienza, Ballesteros, Martin, & Hornero-Mendez, 2007b;Rodríguez-Suárez et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Lutein is the main carotenoid present in wheat and tritordeum (reviewed by Ficco et al, 2014;Rodríguez-Suárez et al, 2010). The identification and mapping of carotenogenic genes in H. chilense (Rodríguez-Suárez & Atienza, 2012) has allowed the determination of the genetic basis of carotenoid content in tritordeum (Atienza, Avila, & Martin, 2007a;Rodríguez-Suárez, Mellado-Ortega, Hornero-Méndez, & Atienza, 2014). As observed in wheat, Phytoene synthase 1 enzymes are the main responsible of the high lutein content in tritordeum and durum wheat grains (Ficco et al, 2014;Rodríguez-Suárez et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein ester profile in wheat and tritordeum can be modulated by temperature: Evidences for regioselectivity and fatty acid preferential of enzymes encoded by genes on chromosomes 7D and 7Hch

2017

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The increase of lutein retention through the food chain is desirable for wheat breeding. Lutein esters are more stable than free lutein during post-harvest storage and two loci on chromosomes 7D and 7H are important for esterification. We investigated the effect of temperature during grain filling on carotenoid accumulation and lutein ester profile including fatty acid selectivity (palmitic vs. linoleic) and regioselectivity (esterification at positions 3 vs. 3'). Three different temperature regimes were assayed (controlled, semi-controlled and non-controlled). Lutein esters were more stable than free carotenoids in vivo and the enzymes encoded by chromosomes 7H and 7D are complementary. Indeed, they show differential preferences for the fatty acid (palmitic and linoleic, respectively) and regioselectivity (3 and 3', respectively). Besides, H. chilense has additional genes for esterification. Finally, the increase of temperature favoured the accumulation of lutein esters with linoleic acid and the synthesis of regioisomers at position 3'.

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“…In this species, variation in genes related to quality has been widely evaluated over the last decade [18][19][20][21] and has been used to expand the genetic base of tritordeum. Furthermore, this species exhibits advantageous agronomic and quality characteristics [22][23][24], which, together with its ability to be crossed with other members of the Triticeae tribe [25], make it useful in cereal breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wx Gene in Hordeum chilense: Chromosomal Location and Characterisation of the Allelic Variation in the Two Main Ecotypes of the Species

et al. 2019

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Starch, as the main grain component, has great importance in wheat quality, with the ratio between the two formed polymers, amylose and amylopectin, determining the starch properties. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), or waxy protein, encoded by the Wx gene is the sole enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis. The current study evaluated the variability in Wx genes in two representative lines of Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult., a wild barley species that was used in the development of tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). Two novel alleles, Wx-Hch1a and Wx-Hch1b, were detected in this material. Molecular characterizations of these alleles revealed that the gene is more similar to the Wx gene of barley than that of wheat, which was confirmed by phylogenetic studies. However, the enzymatic function should be similar in all species, and, consequently, the variation present in H. chilense could be utilized in wheat breeding by using tritordeum as a bridge species.

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Increase in transcript accumulation of Psy1 and e-Lcy genes in grain development is associated with differences in seed carotenoid content between durum wheat and tritordeum

Cited by 36 publications

References 67 publications

The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content

The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content

Lutein ester profile in wheat and tritordeum can be modulated by temperature: Evidences for regioselectivity and fatty acid preferential of enzymes encoded by genes on chromosomes 7D and 7Hch

Wx Gene in Hordeum chilense: Chromosomal Location and Characterisation of the Allelic Variation in the Two Main Ecotypes of the Species

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