Depressogenic Thinking and Shame Proneness in the Development of Internalizing Problems

Mills, Rosemary S. L.; Hastings, Paul D.; Serbin, Lisa A.; Stack, Dale M.; Abela, John R. Z.; Arbeau, Kimberley A.; Lall, Debra I. K.

doi:10.1007/s10578-013-0416-4

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, our child behavior measurement, the Behavior Problems Index, was not validated in this indigenous population and findings may not be generalizable. Still, maternal feelings of shame and guilt have been associated with depression [ 64 , 65 ] and depressogenic thinking and shame can lead to subsequent behavioral problems in children [ 66 ]. In previous work, maladaptive rumination on the symptoms of distress can lead to prolonged and future depressive episodes [ 67 ] and may be a promising target for both prevention and intervention strategies for mothers with depression and their children’s emotional development [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavior among Mexican Women and Their Children

Flynn

Chung

Ozer

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Over 50% of mothers in rural Mexico have high depressive symptoms, and their children's health and development are likely to be negatively affected. A critical question is whether children vary in their vulnerability to the effects of high maternal depressive symptoms according to their indigenous ethnicity, maternal education, or household wealth. Our sample included 4442 mothers and 5503 children from an evaluation of Mexico's social welfare program. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, and child behavior was measured using an adapted version of the Behavior Problems Index (BPI). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior problems, and the heterogeneity of associations by indigenous ethnicity, maternal education, and household assets. We found that having greater maternal depressive symptoms was significantly associated with having a child with more behavior problems (β = 0.114, p < 0.0001, [95% CI 0.101, 0.127]), in adjusted models. In tests of heterogeneity, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior problems was strongest in households with indigenous ethnicity, low maternal education, or in households with fewer assets. These results strengthen the case for effective mental health interventions in low-and middle-income countries, particularly among the most vulnerable families where mothers and children appear to be at the greatest risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavior among Mexican Women and Their Children

Flynn

Chung

Ozer

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Research on the relation between guilt and shame and psychological symptoms in children and adolescents is sparser. A recent review by Muris and Meesters [ 2 ] identified 22 studies exploring the relation between these self-conscious emotions and psychopathology in youths, and since then a special issue has appeared in Child Psychiatry and Human Development including four new investigations on the link between guilt and/or shame and trauma-related problems [ 17 ], internalizing problems [ 18 ], anxiety symptoms [ 19 ], and risky and illegal behaviors [ 20 ] in young people. Altogether, findings are largely in line with what has been found in adult populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of guilt, guilt, and shame: a multi-informant study on the relations between self-conscious emotions and psychopathology in clinically referred children and adolescents

Muris

Meesters

Heijmans

et al. 2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The present study examined the relationships between dysregulations in self-conscious emotions and psychopathology in clinically referred children and adolescents. For this purpose, parent-, teacher-, and self-report Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment data of 1000 youth aged 4–18 years was analyzed as this instrument not only provides information on the intensity levels of lack of guilt, guilt, and shame, but also on the severity of various types of psychopathology. The results first of all indicated that dysregulations of self-conscious emotions were more common in this clinical sample than in the general population. Further, a consistent pattern was found with regard to the relationships between self-conscious emotions and childhood psychopathology. That is, lack of guilt was predominantly associated with oppositional defiant and conduct (i.e., externalizing) problems, while guilt and shame were primarily linked with affective and anxiety (i.e., internalizing) problems. By and large, these findings confirm what has been found in non-clinical youth, and suggest that self-conscious emotions play a small but significant role in the psychopathology of children and adolescents.

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“…In the second paper, Mills et al [7] investigated shame proneness as a factor in the development of internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of 174 children. Shame proneness and initial symptom levels were assessed at age 7-9 (time 1), and children were then followed over time reassessing symptoms at age 10-11 using child-and parent-report scales (time 2) and at age 12-13 by means of a clinical diagnostic interview (time 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Guilt, Shame, and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents

Muris

2014

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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The self-conscious emotions of guilt and shame are typically experienced in situations in which some moral standard is violated and this transgression is visible to other people [1]. While guilt and shame share similar features, evidence has accumulated indicating that both emotions also show some critical differences. That is, whereas guilt is concerned with a negative evaluation of a specific behavior (''I did that wrong''), shame pertains to a negative evaluation of the global self (''I did that wrong''). Thus, in guilt the person is feeling regret and remorse over the bad thing done, wishing that he had behaved differently, and thinking of how he could undo the harm. In contrast, shame is typically characterized by a feeling of inferiority and worthlessness, leading to a desire to escape or to disappear [1,2]. These differences also become manifest in the functionality of both emotions: guilt motivates reparative behavior by making apologies and engaging in attempts to fix the situation, while shame motivates defensive and avoidance behavior, possibly serving as an innate mechanism of communicating submission [3].Although guilt and shame primarily are functional and adaptive in nature, it has also become clear that some people display an excessive proneness to experience these self-conscious emotions, which means that they strongly dominate the person's affective, cognitive and behavioral responding. In other individuals, guilt and shame are so weakly present that that their adaptive function is no longer realized, and so morally inacceptable behaviors are no longer corrected or repaired. Not surprisingly, such dysregulations of self-conscious emotions have been associated with various types of psychopathology. Research has shown that shame is positively related to a wide range of psychological problems including aggression, depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and personality pathology. The relation between guilt and psychopathology is more ambivalent, but in general the literature is indicating that this self-conscious emotion is only maladaptive when it is experienced in a ruminative way or fused with feelings of shame [1]. Otherwise, the prevailing notion is that guilt plays an important role in the development of empathy and conscience and thus prevents the occurrence of socially problematic behaviors such as aggression and delinquency [4].So far most research on guilt and shame and psychopathology has been conducted in adult populations. In the meantime it is clear that rudimentary forms of these selfconscious emotions start to emerge during toddlerhood as a result of socialization processes and gradually develop and differentiate during further childhood as a result of cognitive maturation. Muris and Meesters [5] identified 22 studies that examined the relation between guilt and shame and psychological problems in children and adolescents. Overall, this research revealed a highly similar pattern of results as documented in the adult literature. That is, data generally indicated that shame w...

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Depressogenic Thinking and Shame Proneness in the Development of Internalizing Problems

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavior among Mexican Women and Their Children

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavior among Mexican Women and Their Children

Lack of guilt, guilt, and shame: a multi-informant study on the relations between self-conscious emotions and psychopathology in clinically referred children and adolescents

Guilt, Shame, and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents

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