Parasitic infections of Piaractus mesopotamicus and hybrid (P. mesopotamicus xPiaractus brachypomus) cultured in Brazil

Abstract

Infecções parasitárias de AbstractThis study evaluated the occurrence of parasitic infections in the "pacu" fish Piaractus mesopotamicus and the "patinga" hybrid (P. mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus) in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil. Fish from the following three fish farms were evaluated every two months: A, a hatchery and larviculture farm (n = 16 pacu / n = 19 patinga), B, a growout farm (n = 35 patinga) and C, a fee-fishing property (n = 28 pacu / n = 7 patinga). Thirty-five fish from each property were collected from February 2010 to February 2011 and subjected to parasitological analysis. The parasites found were the following: Mymarothecium viatorum, Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Notozothecium janauachensis (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea), Trichodina spp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Myxobolus spp., Henneguya spp. (Myxozoa), Rondonia rondoni, Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), and Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea). Of the fish examined, 62.9% from "A" and 100% from "B" and "C" were infested with at least one parasite species. Pacu fish (n = 44) showed a higher susceptibility to Anacanthorus penilabiatus infestations, whereas patinga (n = 61) were more susceptible to Mymarothecium viatorum (p < 0.05). Appropriate fish handling (nutrition, transport and storage), in conjunction with monitoring of water quality, can reduce the stress to which the farmed fish are exposed and is essential for pathogen control.Keywords: Handling, helminths, protozoans, storage control, water quality. ResumoEste estudo avaliou a ocorrência de infecções parasitárias em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus) procedentes da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Peixes de três pisciculturas foram avaliados bimestralmente: A -Reprodução e Larvicultura (n = 16 pacus / n = 19 patingas), BEngorda n = 35 patingas), e C-Pesque-pague (n = 28 pacus / n = 7 patingas). Trinta e cinco peixes de cada propriedade (Crustacea). Dentre os peixes analisados, 62,9% de "A" e 100% de "B" e "C" estavam infectados/infestados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. Pacus (n = 44) apresentaram maior suscetibilidade a infestações por Anacanthorus penilabiatus, e patingas (n = 61), por Mymarothecium viatorum (p < 0.05). A profilaxia e cuidados durante o manejo (alimentação, transporte e estocagem), associados ao monitoramento da qualidade de água reduzem o estresse o qual os peixes cultivados estão submetidos, sendo medidas imprescindíveis para o controle de patógenos.Palavras-chave: Manejo, helmintos, protozoários, controle de estocagem, qualidade de água.

Parasitism by Monogenoidea in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes, Characidae) cultivated in Paraná River (Brazil)

“…In the present investigation, M. viatorum showed values of mean intensity and mean abundance similar to those found by Franceschini et al (2013) (MI = 27.5; Cohen and Kohn (2009) presented similar prevalence values for parasitism in the host P. brachypomus, however, in the study of Vásques (2014) in the same host, these values were lower. Considering mean intensity and mean abundance, the studies of Cohen and Kohn (2009) and Vásques (2014) showed higher values.…”

“…A. penilabiatus was reported in P. brachypomus, in hybrids P. mesopotamicus x C. macropomum and in P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus (Cohen and Kohn, 2009;Tavares-Dias et al, 2008;Franceschini et al, 2003). In the studies of Franceschini et al (2013) (P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus) and Tavares-Dias et al (2008) (P. mesopotamicus x C. macropomum) studies, the prevalence of A. penilabiatus was lower than in the present study. However, the prevalence presented by Cohen and Kohn (2009) for P. brachypomus was similar with our results for P. mesopotamicus.…”

“…However, the prevalence presented by Cohen and Kohn (2009) for P. brachypomus was similar with our results for P. mesopotamicus. Considering the mean intensity, the hybrid examined by Tavares-Dias et al (2008) showed high values than in the present study, while Cohen and Kohn (2009) and Franceschini et al (2013) found similar values in mean intensity and mean abundance in P. brachypomus and in the hybrid P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus, respectively.…”

“…Lizama et al (2007), Tavares-Dias et al (2008), Franceschini et al (2013) and Jerônimo et al (2014) reported the prevalence indexes for A. penilabiatus in P. mesopotamicus in fish farming (P = 81.1%; 76%; 77.3%; 100%, respectively) that were similar to what was reported in this study (P = 97.5%), but higher from the studies of Martins and Romero (1996) and Cohen and Kohn (2009) The monogenoidean species reported in this study was also present in closely related fish species (as shown in Table 4). A. penilabiatus was reported in P. brachypomus, in hybrids P. mesopotamicus x C. macropomum and in P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus (Cohen and Kohn, 2009;Tavares-Dias et al, 2008;Franceschini et al, 2003).…”

“…Some species have detrimental effects on both wild and farmed fish populations, causing important economic damage (Fannes et al 2015). Several authors have studied monogenoideans in P. mesopotamicus: to date, parasitological Eiras et al, 1995;Kohn and Cohen, 1998;Martins et al, 2002a;Pamplona-Basilio et al, 2001;Schalch et al, 2006;Lizama et al, 2007;Kohn, 2005, 2009;Franceschini et al, 2013), histopathological (Martins and Romero, 1996;Campos et al, 2011;Tavares-Dias et al, 2002;Jerônimo et al, 2014), morphological (Boeger et al, 1995;Souza et al, 2000;Cohen and Kohn, 2008;Leão et al, 2015), pathological (Tavares-Dias et al, 2000), hemathological Tavares-Dias et al, 2002 and terapeutic (Martins, 1998;Martins et al, 2000Martins et al, , 2002bTavares-Dias et al, 2002;Onaka et al, 2003;Belo et al, 2005;Schalch et al, 2006;Cruz et al, 2008;Fujimoto et al, 2010;Figueiredo et al, 2011;Carraschi et al, 2014) studies were conducted. The first monogenoidean found in "pacus" was Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husack and Martins, 1995, described in the state of São Paulo and posteriorly reported by Martins et al (2000) in the same region.…”