<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>seroprevalence and risk factors in sheep farmers and farm residents in The Netherlands

Lange, Marit M A de; Schimmer, Barbara; Vellema, P.; Hautvast, Jeannine L A; Schneeberger, Peter M.; Duijnhoven, Yvonne T. H. P. van

doi:10.1017/s0950268813001726

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Although a direct link between the human C. burnetii cases previously reported in the study region, and the C. burnetii seropositive domestic small ruminants in the current study could not be established, there is a plausible zoonotic public health risk link of animal to human transmission which may need further investigation (Chang et al., ; Dean et al., ; De Lange et al., ; Bond et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection in Small Ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya

Muema

Thumbi

Obonyo

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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To improve estimates of C. burnetii epidemiology in Kenya, a survey was undertaken in small ruminants in Baringo County, where acute cases of Q fever in humans had been reported in 2014. From 140 household herds selected, 508 (60.5%) goats and 332 (39.5%) sheep were included and an indirect ELISA assay for C. burnetii IgG antibodies performed. In addition, epidemiological information at both herd and animal level was collected. Generalized mixed-effects multivariable logistic model using herd as the random effect was used to determine variables correlated to the outcome. Overall seroprevalence was 20.5% (95% CI: 17.8%, 23.3%). Goats had 26.0% (95% CI: 22.2%, 30.0%) compared to sheep 12.2% (95% CI: 8.7%, 16.0%). Nomadic pastoralism, goats and older animals (>1 year) were associated with greater risk of C. burnetii seropositivity (P = ≤0.05). Heterogeneity in C. burnetii seropositivity was observed across the sublocations (P = 0.028). Evidence of C. burnetii exposure in small ruminants revealed poses a potential risk of exposure to the people living in close proximity to the animals. We recommended integrated animal-human surveillance and socio-economic studies for C. burnetii, to aid our understanding of the risk of transmission between the animals and humans, and in the design of prevention and control strategies for the disease in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection in Small Ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya

Muema

Thumbi

Obonyo

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…49 Furthermore, several previous studies linked higher populations of ruminants with outbreaks of Q fever in humans in several countries around the world. 50,51 For the first time in Ethiopia, this study provides new information on the presence of two different genotypes of C. burnetii in ticks, MST 18 in ticks from animals in the Borana zone, and MST 20 in ticks from animals in the central districts. This finding is in line with previous reports of several genotypes of C. burnetii in ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa¹,

Socolovschi²,

Almeras³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study was conducted from September 2011 to March 2014 to address the occurrence and genotypes of Coxiella burnetii using molecular methods in ticks collected from domestic animals in Ethiopia. Ticks were tested for C. burnetii by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting two different genes followed by multispacer sequence typing (MST). An overall prevalence of 6.4% (54/842) of C. burnetii was recorded. C. burnetii was detected in 28.6% (14/49) of Amblyomma gemma, 25% (31/124) of Rhipicephalus pulchellus, 7.1% (1/14) of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, 3.2% (2/62) of Am. variegatum, 3.1% (4/128) of Am. cohaerens, 1.6% (1/63) of Rh. praetextatus, and 0.6% (1/153) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Significantly higher overall frequencies of C. burnetii DNA were observed in Am. gemma and Rh. pulchellus than in other tick species (Mantel-Haenszel [MH], P 0.0001). The overall frequency of C. burnetii was significantly higher (MH, P 0.0001) in ticks from southeastern districts (Arero, Moyale, and Yabelo) than that from other districts. This study demonstrated the presence of C. burnetii genotype MST 18 in ticks in southeastern districts and genotype MST 20 in ticks in central districts. This study highlights the importance of ticks in the epidemiology of C. burnetii in Ethiopia.

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“…This supports their relatively limited role in the transmission of C. burnetii to the community in their vicinity during the Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands. It might also partially explain the relatively lower observed seroprevalence among the non-dairy sheep farm households compared to dairy sheep farm households (De Lange and others 2013) and dairy goat farm households (Schimmer and others 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and risk factors on commercial sheep farms in The Netherlands

et al. 2014

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Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence was assessed on Dutch dairy and non-dairy sheep farms using ELISA. Risk factors for seropositivity on non-dairy sheep farms were identified at farm and sheep level by univariate and multivariate multilevel analyses. Based on 953 dairy and 5671 non-dairy serum samples, sheep seroprevalences were 18.7 per cent and 2.0 per cent, respectively, and 78.6 per cent and 30.5 per cent at farm level. Significant risk factors for non-dairy sheep farms were farm location in the south of the country, sheep kept on marginal grounds, one or several supply addresses for ewes during 2007-2009 and wearing farm boots and/or outfit by professional visitors. On sheep level, risk factors included among others farm location in the south of the country, lamb breeding as main farm purpose, goat density within 10 km farm radius, use of windbreak curtain or windshields, and presence of ≥6 stillborn lambs in 2009. Farm location in the south of the country and goat density suggests that infected goats have played a role in the transmission to non-dairy sheep. Other risk factors suggest introduction of the bacterium through sheep supply and professional visitors. Biosecurity measures should be strengthened, including avoiding infection during handling of stillborn lambs and birth products in the lambing period.

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Coxiella burnetiiseroprevalence and risk factors in sheep farmers and farm residents in The Netherlands

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection in Small Ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya

Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection in Small Ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and risk factors on commercial sheep farms in The Netherlands

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