Retracted: Cytokines induce MMP‐3‐regulated proliferation of embryonic stem cell‐derived odontoblast‐like cells

Abstract

Our results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects in odontoblast-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells, in addition to their well-documented destructive role in inflammation.

Retraction: Products of dentin matrix protein-1 degradation by interleukin-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 promote proliferation of odontoblastic cells

“…Conversely, the control siRNA had no such effect ( Figure 5A). Silencing the MMP-3 gene also significantly decreased IL-1β-stimulated cell proliferation (p < 0.01; Figure 5A) as described previously (9,10). Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1β-induced DMP-1 expression depends on the expression of MMP-3 in odontoblast-like cells.…”

“…The protocol for measuring MMP-3 activity has been described previously (10,13,16,27) and is now a commercially available MMP-3 activity assay kit (SensoLyte™ 520 MMP-3 assay kit; AnaSpec, San Jose, CA, USA). Prior to detection, MMP-3 was immunoprecipitated from the culture medium using a goat anti-MMP-3 antibody (sc-6839, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.) and protein A/G-agarose for 6 h at 4°C.…”

“…Notably, treatment with IL-1β induces potent expression of MMP-3 in dental pulp, a tissue that contains large numbers of odontoblasts (7). We also reported that proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β-induced MMP-3 activity is associated with cell proliferation of purified odontoblast-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (9,10). Thus, IL-1β-induced MMP-3 appears to be pivotal in the pathophysiology of inflamed dental pulp containing rich odontoblasts.…”

“…Because performing experiments using purified odontoblast-like cells derived from mouse iPSCs (11) and ESCs (12), we have developed excellent in vitro models in which to examine the mechanisms of wound healing following exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (9,10). We have also previously reported that a proinflammatory cytokine mixture of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, or IL-1β alone, can induce MMP-3 activity in rat dental pulp cells, and result in a potent increase in cell proliferation (13,14).…”

Retraction: Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated proliferation in rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells is mediated by a Wnt5 signaling cascade

“…In our previous study, a cytokine cocktail induced expression of MMP-3 that regulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in mouse ES cell-derived odontoblast-like cells (47) and human skeletal muscle stem cell-derived odontoblast-like cells (48). Interleukin-1β and the cytokine cocktail also induced MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in partially purified rat dental pulp cells (18,19).…”