238U and its daughter products in Greek surface soils

Natural radioactivity measurements in the city of Ptolemais (Northern Greece)

“…It should be noted that the measured specific activity values for 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K are slightly higher compared with the average values for Greek soil, but fall within the range of world and Greek values for soil (UNSCEAR, 2000). These values are also comparable with the mean values found for Greek soils (Anagnostakis et al, 1996;Anagnostakis et al, 2005). It seems from the examined surface soil samples that there is not any significant deposition of 238 U or 226 Ra on the ground of Ptolemais city escaping from the stacks of the lignite power plants and the measured specific activities of these radionuclides could be attributed to natural sources in soils.…”

“…b Anagnostakis et al (1996). c Anagnostakis et al (2005). in seasonal variation between Patras and Ptolemais (two Greek cities) are not significant. These calculations lead to an annual arithmetic mean of 46 Bq m À3 and annual geometric mean of 42 Bq m À3 .…”

An assessment of the external radiological impact in areas of Greece with elevated natural radioactivity

“…In this sense, equilibrium factors, in lithospheric materials for the island of Ikaria, in the range of 0.12e4.52 and 0.29e 2.00 for 226 Ra/ 238 U and 228 Th/ 228 Ra, respectively, have been previously reported (Trabidou, 2004). Furthermore, it should be noted that in the wide area of Greece, these equilibrium factors are in the range of 0.06e4.8 for 226 Ra/ 238 U (Anagnostakis et al, 2005).…”

“…The springs are characterized by the elevated concentrations of 226 Ra and 222 Rn if compared with respective spring waters' concentrations in Greece and worldwide. High disequilibria factors between 226 Ra and its decay product 222 Rn have been calculated (Anagnostakis et al, 2005).…”

Natural Radioactivity in Selected Soil Samples from the Archaeological of Ur City in Dhi-Qar Province, Iraq

“…The natural radionuclides of concern are mainly of 238U, 232Th or its progenies and 40K [4,5]. Natural environmental radioactivity and the associated external exposure due to gamma radiation depend primarily on the geological and geographical conditions, and appear at different levels in the soils of each region in the world [6,7,8,9]. The present Sumerian Ur city, which occupied a prominent center in the history of humanity and had a role in stabilizing the concepts of civil result of the interaction between nature and man have been mentioned in the Old Testament where some believe that there is a relationship between Ur city and Abraham (AS).…”