Abstract:Responses to self-reported xerostomia questions reflects low unstimulated salivary flow rates. Thus, questions concerning dry mouth might be useful tools to identify HIV-infected individuals with hyposalivation, especially at a resting stage.
“…In order to evaluate the degree of xerostomia, we used visual analog scale (VAS) instruments . The participants were asked to point the levels of oral dryness on the VAS ranging from 0 (no dry) to 100 (terribly dry) with verbalized end‐points.…”
“…In order to evaluate the degree of xerostomia, we used visual analog scale (VAS) instruments . The participants were asked to point the levels of oral dryness on the VAS ranging from 0 (no dry) to 100 (terribly dry) with verbalized end‐points.…”
“…Nittayananta et al , reported on subjective complaints of dry mouth using a visual analogue scale (VAS) reported a significantly different between HIV‐infected and non‐HIV individuals. Individuals’ responses to questions concerning dry mouth were significantly associated with a low unstimulated salivary flow rate; and a significant association between the VAS and salivary flow rates was reported together with increased decay rates.…”
Section: Hiv and Caries Risk In Children And Adolescentsmentioning
Although sub-Saharan Africa caries the burden of paediatric and adult HIV/AIDS infections, the epidemic is spreading most rapidly in the Middle East and North Africa Region where between 2005 and 2013, AIDSrelated deaths increased by 66% in comparison with a worldwide fall of 35%. For the first time, in 2011, more than half of people in need of antiretroviral drugs were receiving them, with coverage reaching 54%; yet only 28% of children have access to HIV treatment. This review sought to provide an update of paediatric and adolescent oral HIV/AIDS issues in resource poor countries. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on paediatric & adolescent HIV with a focus on oral lesions as predictors of HIV infection; as markers of the efficacy of HAART and quality of life; caries risk; management of oral lesions; and epidemiological tests for clinical significance of oral lesions. METHODS: A search strategy was developed for PubMed to identify papers on paediatric oral HIV. Publications in English were selected on the basis that their titles and abstracts were relevant to the review objectives. The reference lists of included papers were screened for additional articles. The time-search for publications was limited from 2009 to 15 October 2014. RESULTS: Papers on the prevalence of oral lesions lacked standardization in diagnostic criteria and the introduction of HAART had significantly reduced prevalence; oral lesions remain useful predictors for HIV infection and as markers for the efficacy of HAART.Evidence suggest that caries risk is increased with HIV infection; management of oral lesions is inconsistent with available resources and surprisingly little recent information has been published in the past 5 years. Revised case definitions are proposed for large-scale epidemiologic studies with the development of an oral lesion index showing promise. Oral health quality of life indicators for children and adolescents are becoming important as more of these indicators are being developed and their negative oral impacts in individuals with oral lesions are now well established. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric and adolescent oral HIV research needs to be prioritized as current studies are few and are characterized by poor quality study designs, small study samples and a lack of multicentre collaborations. There is a lack of high quality evidence for a number of interventions available for management of oral lesions. Oral Diseases (2016) 22, 25-34
“…Influence of HIV and ART on oral health LT Vernon et al ment of xerostomia and salivary gland-related pathologies, see Nittayananta et al (2013). AIDS-defining vs non-AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-positive populations AIDS has made a significant impact on the types and distribution of such cancers.…”
Section: Oral Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For oral disease management and treatment options, see Patton () (Patton, ). For the management of xerostomia and salivary gland‐related pathologies, see Nittayananta et al (). Question 4: Do HIV‐infected patients have a higher risk of developing oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer? [4.1.]…”
In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), parsing out the effects of HIV versus ART on health outcomes is challenging. Nadir CD4 count, a marker of the extent of immunosuppression, has significant long-term impact on an array of disease states in HIV+ persons; however, in the dental literature, reporting of pre-ART exposure to immunosuppression has largely been ignored and this limits the validity of previous studies. In Workshop A1 we explain fully the importance of nadir CD4, pre-ART immunosuppression, and identify a need to include specific variables in future research. The questions posed herein are challenging, typically not neatly addressed by any one study and require integration of the latest evidence from the wider medical literature. We consider topics beyond the confines of the oral cavity and examine oral health in the complex context of ART-era HIV-immunopathophysiology. We depict how variability in geographic setting and time period (pre and post-ART era) can impact oral conditions — influencing when HIV infection was detected (at what CD4 count), the type and timing of ART as well as social determinants such as strong stigma and limited access to care. We hope our Workshop will stir debate and energize a rigorous focus on relevant areas of future research in HIV/AIDS.
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