Anticancer activity ofSaussurea lappaextract by apoptotic pathway in KB human oral cancer cells

Abstract

Context: Saussurea lappa Dence (Compositae) is used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat abdominal pain and tenesmus in East Asia. Current studies have shown that S. lappa has anticancer activity in divergent of cancer cells. However, the effects of S. lappa on oral cancer and its mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. Objective: To explore its potential chemotherapeutic effects and mechanism of cell growth inhibition on human oral cancer cells. Materials and methods: The dried roots of S. lappa were used in this study. Cell viability of KB cells was evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after treatment with 30 mg/ml of methanol extract from the dried roots of S. lappa. To understand whether its effect on cell death is related with apoptosis pathway, we performed DNA fragmentation assay, western blot, caspase activity assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Results: Treatment of S. lappa extract onto KB cells reduced cell viability significantly with an IC 50 value of 30 mg/ml. The formation of a DNA ladder was observed starting at the 24 h treatment. In western blotting analysis, the S. lappa extract induced the proteolytic processing of caspase-3, -9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, a significant increase of Bax and marked reduction of Bcl-2. We also confirmed the activation of caspase-3/-7 in living KB cells by fluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: These results suggested that S. lappa extract inhibited cell proliferation through the apoptosis pathway in KB human oral cancer cells.

DaHuangWan targets EGF signaling to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells

“…In fact, Coptidis Rhizoma is composed of various alkaloids, including Berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine. Aucklandia lappa Decne root extract contains resinoids, essential oil, alkaloid, inulin, a fixed oil, and other minor ingredients such as tannins and sugars [12]. In this study, we found that BC mix and DHW extract have similar inhibitory effects on PLC/PRF/5 cell proliferation (Fig 2C).…”

“…It is also considered as an anti-cancer herb. Recent studies have shown that the ethanol extract of Aucklandia lappa Decne has anti-cancer effect on prostate cancer, oral cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer [10][11][12]. In addition to its anti-tumor chemo-preventive effect, Costunolide also has anti-cancer activity against various cancer cells such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, and can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

The therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate against human oral squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis: In�vitro and in�vivo murine xenograft study

“…To further investigate the mechanism, we have evaluated the effects of EGCG on three stages of apoptosis: The early stage by Annexin V assay which estimates the expression of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, the middle stage by evaluation of the activities of caspase-3 and −7 (13,14), and the late stage by TUNEL assay which detects DNA strand breaks. The cells were incubated with or without EGCG for 6 h and then analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V to determine the apoptotic rate.…”

“…Caspases are a family of intracellular cysteine proteases and are known to perform an important function in the initiation and execution of apoptosis (23). The mitochondria-mediated and death receptor-mediated pathways converge at the level of caspase-3 activation (20), whereas caspase-3 and −7 serve as effectors of apoptotic cells (13,14). We evaluated the effect of EGCG on caspase-3 and −7 activities, and the results suggested that the proapoptotic effect of EGCG in HSC-3 cells is mediated by activation of those caspases.…”

Saussurea lappa Exhibits Anti-Oncogenic Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HepG2 Cancer Cell Line by Bcl-2 Mediated Apoptotic Pathway and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release

“…S.M. Moon et al reported that S. lappa methanol extract inhibited the growth of KB human oral cancer cells in a dose-and timedependent manner exhibiting IC50 value of 30 µg/mL, approximately [39]. This variation in IC50 values may result from usage of S. lappa from different geographical sources and growing conditions and having been used on various cell types.…”