EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES OF A COCCOLITHOPHORID<i>GEPHYROCAPSA OCEANICA</i>TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

Jin, Peng; Gao, Kunshan; Beardall, John

doi:10.1111/evo.12112

Cited by 81 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…For photosynthesis however, light requirements for maximum rates are halved at 1,500 µatm in comparison to 500 µatm. It may be that increased f CO 2 , through increased substrate availability, reduces the need for CO 2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) (Jin et al, 2013). As CCMs require energy to function, a reduction in their activity would result in a lower energy demand (Barcelos e Ramos et al, 2010), and therefore a lower light requirement for photosynthesis, and to a lesser degree calcification (Jin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Light Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be that increased f CO 2 , through increased substrate availability, reduces the need for CO 2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) (Jin et al, 2013). As CCMs require energy to function, a reduction in their activity would result in a lower energy demand (Barcelos e Ramos et al, 2010), and therefore a lower light requirement for photosynthesis, and to a lesser degree calcification (Jin et al, 2013). The dependence of light responses on f CO 2 could have important implications for coccolithophores under future ocean conditions where both f CO 2 and light availability is expected to change.…”

Section: Light Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Conceptual Model for Projecting Coccolithophorid Growth, Calcification and Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Rates in Response to Global Ocean Change

2018

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Temperature, light and carbonate chemistry all influence the growth, calcification and photosynthetic rates of coccolithophores to a similar degree. There have been multiple attempts to project the responses of coccolithophores to changes in carbonate chemistry, but the interaction with light and temperature remains elusive. Here we devise a simple conceptual model to derive a fit equation for coccolithophorid growth, photosynthetic and calcification rates in response to simultaneous changes in carbonate chemistry, temperature and light conditions. The fit equation is able to account for up to 88% of the variability in measured metabolic rates. Equation projections indicate that temperature, light and carbonate chemistry all have different modulating effects on both optimal growth conditions and the sensitivity of responses to extreme environmental conditions. Calculations suggest that a single extreme environmental condition (CO 2 , temperature, light) will reduce maximum rates regardless of how optimal the other environmental conditions may be. Thus, while the response of coccolithophores to ocean change depends on multiple variables, the one which is least optimal will have the most impact on overall rates. Finally, responses to ocean change are usually reported in terms of cellular rates. However, changes in cellular rates can be a poor predictor for assessing changes in production at the community level. We therefore introduce a new metric, the calcium carbonate production potential (CCPP), which combines the independent effects of changes in growth rate and cellular calcium carbonate content to assess how environmental changes will impact coccolith production. Direct comparison of CO 2 impacts on cellular CaCO 3 production rates and CCPP shows that while the former is still at 45% of its pre-industrial capacity at 1,000 µatm, the latter is reduced to 10%.

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Section: Light Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model for Projecting Coccolithophorid Growth, Calcification and Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Rates in Response to Global Ocean Change

2018

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“…at high CO 2 demonstrated that some adapted cell lines lost CCM capabilities (Collins and Bell 2004;Collins et al 2006). Lohbeck et al (2012) found that 500 generations of selection at high CO 2 led to recovery of a coccolithophore's growth rates and calcification, although 680 generations of selection at high CO 2 did not show such a trend in Gephyrocapsa oceanica (Jin et al 2013b). (6) Monitoring community abundance of diatoms together with other key taxa over longer time scales is important to gain in situ information on their responses to environmental changes (Mutshinda et al 2013 …”

Section: Future Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysiological responses of marine diatoms to elevated CO2 and decreased pH: a review

Gao

Campbell

2014

Functional Plant Biol.

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160

100

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Abstract. Diatoms dominate nearly half of current oceanic productivity, so their responses to ocean acidification are of general concern regarding future oceanic carbon sequestration. Community, mesocosm and laboratory studies show a range of diatom growth and photophysiological responses to increasing pCO 2 . Nearly 20 studies on effects of elevated pCO 2 on diatoms have shown stimulations, no effects or inhibitions of growth rates. These differential responses could result from differences in experimental setups, cell densities, levels of light and temperature, but also from taxon-specific physiology. Generally, ocean acidification treatments of lowered pH with elevated CO 2 stimulate diatom growth under low to moderate levels of light, but lead to growth inhibition when combined with excess light. Additionally, diatom cell sizes and their covarying metabolic rates can influence responses to increasing pCO 2 and decreasing pH, although cell size effects are confounded with taxonomic specificities in cell structures and metabolism. Here we summarise known diatom growth and photophysiological responses to increasing pCO 2 and decreasing pH, and discuss some reasons for the diverse responses observed across studies.

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“…Hence, the bioassays tested coccolithophore sensitivity to sharp changes in carbonate chemistry rather than acclimation to ocean acidification processes occurring over decades per se. In this context, even results generated through long-term experiments (Lohbeck et al, 2012;Jin et al, 2013) must be interpreted with caution, as the timescale is still an order of magnitude lower than the hundreds of generations or adaptation periods of microbes to ocean acidification in nature (Richier et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Coccolithophore Calcification In Relation To Carbonate Chemimentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccolithophores on the north-west European shelf: calcification rates and environmental controls

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Coccolithophores are a key functional group in terms of the pelagic production of calcium carbonate (calcite), although their contribution to shelf sea biogeochemistry, and how this relates to environmental conditions, is poorly constrained. Measurements of calcite production (CP) and coccolithophore abundance were made on the northwest European shelf to examine trends in coccolithophore calcification along natural gradients of carbonate chemistry, macronutrient availability and plankton composition. Similar measurements were also made in three bioassay experiments where nutrient (nitrate, phosphate) and pCO 2 levels were manipulated. Nanoflagellates (< 10 µm) dominated chlorophyll biomass and primary production (PP) at all but one sampling site, with CP ranging from 0.6 to 9.6 mmol C m −2 d −1 . High CP and coccolithophore abundance occurred in a diatom bloom in fully mixed waters off Heligoland, but not in two distinct coccolithophore blooms in the central North Sea and Western English Channel. Coccolithophore abundance and CP showed no correlation with nutrient concentrations or ratios, while significant (p < 0.01) correlations between CP, cell-specific calcification (cell-CF) and irradiance in the water column highlighted how light availability exerts a strong control on pelagic CP. In the experimental bioassays, Emiliania-huxleyi-dominated coccolithophore communities in shelf waters (northern North Sea, Norwegian Trench) showed a strong response in terms of CP to combined nitrate and phosphate addition, mediated by changes in cell-CF and growth rates. In contrast, an offshore diverse coccolithophore community (Bay of Biscay) showed no response to nutrient addition, while light availability or mortality may have been more important in controlling this community. Sharp decreases in pH and a rough halving of calcite saturation states in the bioassay experiments led to decreased CP in the Bay of Biscay and northern North Sea, but not the Norwegian Trench. These decreases in CP were related to slowed growth rates in the bioassays at elevated pCO 2 (750 µatm) relative to those in the ambient treatments. The combined results from our study highlight the variable coccolithophore responses to irradiance, nutrients and carbonate chemistry in north-west European shelf waters, which are mediated by changes in growth rates, cell-CF and species composition.

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EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES OF A COCCOLITHOPHORIDGEPHYROCAPSA OCEANICATO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

Cited by 81 publications

References 46 publications

A Conceptual Model for Projecting Coccolithophorid Growth, Calcification and Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Rates in Response to Global Ocean Change

A Conceptual Model for Projecting Coccolithophorid Growth, Calcification and Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Rates in Response to Global Ocean Change

Photophysiological responses of marine diatoms to elevated CO2 and decreased pH: a review

Coccolithophores on the north-west European shelf: calcification rates and environmental controls

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