2005
DOI: 10.3851/imp2605
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Distribution of HBV genotypes F and H in Mexico and Central America

Abstract: The distribution of HBV genotypes is associated with populations of specific geographical regions of the world. We show data from the GenBank sequence database and medical reports, which indicate that HBV genotype H (HBV/H) is mainly distributed in Mexico, whereas HBV genotype F (HBV/F) is distributed in countries from Central America. The phylogenetic analysis and historical records suggest that HBV/H has been present in Mexico even before the arrival of the Spaniards. Interestingly, occult hepatitis B is a c… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(57 citation statements)
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References 36 publications
(59 reference statements)
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“…HBV genotypes show a peculiar geographical distribution [12] . Genotype A predominates in Northern Europe and North America, genotypes B and C in central Asia, genotype D in Mediterranean countries, genotype E in sub-Saharan Africa and in Madagascar, genotype F in South and Central America, genotypes G and H in Mexico and some countries in Central America [13,14] and genotypes I and J in Eastern Asia [15] . The age at the time of infection modulates the progression to chronicity of HBV infection, which occurs in around 90% of babies born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers, a rate that progressively decreases with the increase in age up to 2%-5% in the adult population [16] .…”
Section: Hbv Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…HBV genotypes show a peculiar geographical distribution [12] . Genotype A predominates in Northern Europe and North America, genotypes B and C in central Asia, genotype D in Mediterranean countries, genotype E in sub-Saharan Africa and in Madagascar, genotype F in South and Central America, genotypes G and H in Mexico and some countries in Central America [13,14] and genotypes I and J in Eastern Asia [15] . The age at the time of infection modulates the progression to chronicity of HBV infection, which occurs in around 90% of babies born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers, a rate that progressively decreases with the increase in age up to 2%-5% in the adult population [16] .…”
Section: Hbv Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In geographical areas with an intermediate HBV endemicity, such as countries in Northern Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia, and Eastern Europe, the majority of HBsAg-positive subjects acquired HBV infection in childhood or early adulthood, and family transmission plays an important role in the spread of HBV infection. Finally, in most countries in Western Europe, North, Central and South America and Australia the prevalence of HBsAg-positive individuals is below 2% [6,7,14] , the impact of vertical and horizontal transmission in childhood is low, and most HBsAgpositive individuals acquired HBV infection through sexual contact, intravenous drug use (IVDU) or other parenteral exposure to infected blood [17,18] .…”
Section: Hbv Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indivíduos com HBeAg positivo apresentam níveis de carga viral mais elevado e consequentemente maior possibilidade de transmissão, particularmente pela via vertical (20,171,(202)(203)(204)(205). Os genótipos B e C estão mais envolvidos em casos de transmissão vertical do que outros genótipos, que têm sido mais associados com a transmissão horizontal (sexual e parenteral).…”
Section: Implicações Da Diversidade Genética Do Hbvunclassified
“…Na Europa as infecções pelo HBV Em relação ao papel dos genótipos na evolução da doença a maioria dos estudos publicados até agora foram realizados na Ásia e restringem-se a comparar os genótipos B e C, que predominam nessa região. Esses estudos associam as formas mais graves de doença hepática e o aparecimento de cirrose ao genótipo C. Além disso, os pacientes com genótipo C parecem apresentar mais frequentemente a presença do HBeAg e níveis mais altos de viremia, o que pode contribuir para uma pior evolução da doença (171,202,203,205,206).…”
Section: Implicações Da Diversidade Genética Do Hbvunclassified
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