Secondary Metabolites of the Genus <i>Astragalus:</i> Structure and Biological‐Activity Update

Yang, Li-Peng; Shen, Jiangang; Xu, Wen‐Cheng; Li, Jin; Jiang, Jian‐Qin

doi:10.1002/cbdv.201100444

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is one of the main constituents of Astragalus (Jin, Zhao, Huang, & Shang, 2014), a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has been proven to have various biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and antiviral activities (Jiang et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2014; Xue et al, 2017; Yang, Shen, Xu, Li, & Jiang, 2013). Therefore, APS has been extensively studied in the treatment of diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS‐induced inflammation via the NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway

Dong

Xue

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

130

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Early weaning usually causes intestinal disorders, enteritis, and diarrhea in young animals and human infants. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possesses anti‐inflammatory activity. To study the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of APS and its potential effects on intestinal health, we performed an RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) study in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2) in vitro. In addition, LPS‐stimulated BALB/c mice were used to study the effects of APS on intestinal inflammation in vivo. The results from the RNA‐seq analysis show that there were 107, 756, and 5 differentially expressed genes in the control versus LPS, LPS versus LPS+APS, and control versus LPS+APS comparison groups, respectively. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways play significant roles in the regulation of inflammatory factors and chemokine expression by APS. Further verification of the above two pathways by using western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF‐κB p65 were inhibited by APS, while the expression of IκB‐α protein was significantly increased (p < .05), indicating that APS inhibits the production of inflammatory factors and chemokines by the inhibition of activation of the MAPK and NF‐κB inflammatory pathways induced by LPS stimulation. Animal experiments further demonstrated that prefeeding APS in BALB/c mice can alleviate the expression of the jejunal inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐Iβ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α induced by LPS stimulation and improve jejunal villus morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS‐induced inflammation via the NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway

Dong

Xue

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

130

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“…Peak 27, with its retention time at 11.90 min, generated the same fragment ions as those of Peak 25. According to the literature [ 21 ], Peak 27 was tentatively assigned as isoferulic acid. Peak 28 displayed an [M + H] + ion at m / z 225.0759 ([C 11 H 13 O 5 ] + , calcd.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Potential Bioactive Constituents after Oral Administration of Radix Astragali on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Balb/c Mice

Liu

Zeng

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Radix Astragali (RA) is one of the commonly-used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with an immunomodulatory effect confirmed in the clinic. In order to better understand the material basis for the therapeutic effects, this study was to investigate the absorbed components and their pharmacokinetic profile after oral administration of RA on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. As a result, 51 compounds in RA extract and 31 prototype compounds with nine metabolites were detected in mice plasma by the ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC)-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of five main constituents, including calycosin-7-O-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin and astragaloside IV, were obtained using HPLC-MS/MS. These results offered useful information for research on the pharmacological mechanism of RA and for its further development.

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“…These compounds were the most extensively studied secondary metabolites from Astragalus , as they exhibited a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. Indeed, these molecules were found to exert immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, hepato-, kidney-, neuro- and vascular-protective activities [7,8,9,10,11,12]. So far, the most well-characterized biological effects were those related to their immune stimulant properties, which made these compounds ideal vaccine adjuvant candidates [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment towards Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines of Acylated Cycloartane Glycosides from Astragalus boeticus L.

et al. 2019

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In several European countries, especially in Sweden, the seeds of the species Astragalus boeticus L. were widely used as coffee substitutes during the 19th century. Nonetheless, data regarding the phytochemistry and the pharmacological properties of this species are currently extremely limited. Conversely, other species belonging to the Astragalus genus have already been extensively investigated, as they were used for millennia for treating various diseases, including cancer. The current work was addressed to characterize cycloartane glycosides from A. boeticus, and to evaluate their cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The isolation of the metabolites was performed by using different chromatographic techniques, while their chemical structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1D and 2D techniques) and electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic assessment was performed in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays in Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-116 CRC cells. As a result, the targeted phytochemical study of A. boeticus enabled the isolation of three new cycloartane glycosides, 6-O-acetyl-3-O-(4-O-malonyl)-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (1), 3-O-(4-O-malonyl)-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (2), 6-O-acetyl-25-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (3) along with two known compounds, 6-O-acetyl-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (4) and 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosylcycloastragenol (5). Importantly, this work demonstrated that the acetylated cycloartane glycosides 1 and 4 might preferentially inhibit cell growth in the CRC cell model resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.

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Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Astragalus: Structure and Biological‐Activity Update

Cited by 49 publications

References 215 publications

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS‐induced inflammation via the NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS‐induced inflammation via the NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway

Identification and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Potential Bioactive Constituents after Oral Administration of Radix Astragali on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Balb/c Mice

Spectroscopic Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment towards Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines of Acylated Cycloartane Glycosides from Astragalus boeticus L.

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