Isolation of Bokeloh bat lyssavirus in Myotis nattereri in France

Servat, Alexandre; Robardet, Emmanuelle; Moinet, Marie; Borel, Christophe; Cliquet, Florence

doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1747-y

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, EBLV-1 RT-PCR-positive brain tissue was reported from a Natterer's bat from Spain [21]. However, repeated detection of the novel BBLV in Natterer's bats in Germany and France [7,8,35] suggests that this species may act as reservoir host for this proposed new lyssavirus species and, thus, EBLV-1 infections in this bat species may represent spillover events. In Germany, E. serotinus, M. nattereri and B. barbastellus hibernate together, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recently novel bat lyssaviruses have been detected in other European insectivorous bats. Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) was detected in Natterer's bats (M. nattereri) in Germany and France in 2010 and 2012 [7,8], whereas West Caucasian bat lyssavirus (WCBV) and Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV) were found in Schreiber's bent-winged bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) in the West Caucasian Mountains and on the Iberian Peninsula in 2003 and 2012, respectively [9,10]. It is unknown whether the latter two viruses use the same bat species as a reservoir, or whether the geographically distant populations represent two distinct sibling species of Mi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives

Schatz

Ohlendorf²,

Busse³

et al. 2013

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYIn Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1-, EBLV-2-and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0·15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives

Schatz

Ohlendorf²,

Busse³

et al. 2013

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…WCBV was isolated in 2002 from a bent-winged bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ) in the Caucasus Mountains and LLEBV from the same bat species in Spain in 2011 [2,6]. Antigenic and phylogenetic profiling of BBLV, isolated from Myotis nattererii in Germany and France, confirms the presence of a fifth lyssavirus in European bats [7,8,9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of European Bat Lyssavirus 2

McElhinney

Marston

Wise

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Bat rabies cases in Europe are mainly attributed to two lyssaviruses, namely European Bat Lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) and European Bat Lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2). Prior to the death of a bat worker in Finland in 1985, very few bat rabies cases were reported. Enhanced surveillance in the two subsequent years (1986–1987) identified 263 cases (more than a fifth of all reported cases to date). Between 1977 and 2016, 1183 cases of bat rabies were reported, with the vast majority (>97%) being attributed to EBLV-1. In contrast, there have been only 39 suspected cases of EBLV-2, of which 34 have been confirmed by virus typing and presently restricted to just two bat species; Myotis daubentonii and Myotis dasycneme. The limited number of EBLV-2 cases in Europe prompted the establishment of a network of European reference laboratories to collate all available viruses and data. Despite the relatively low number of EBLV-2 cases, a large amount of anomalous data has been published in the scientific literature, which we have here reviewed and clarified. In this review, 29 EBLV-2 full genome sequences have been analysed to further our understanding of the diversity and molecular evolution of EBLV-2 in Europe. Analysis of the 29 complete EBLV-2 genome sequences clearly corroborated geographical relationships with all EBLV-2 sequences clustering at the country level irrespective of the gene studied. Further geographical clustering was also observed at a local level. There are high levels of homogeneity within the EBLV-2 species with nucleotide identities ranging from 95.5–100% and amino acid identities between 98.7% and 100%, despite the widespread distribution of the isolates both geographically and chronologically. The mean substitution rate for EBLV-2 across the five concatenated genes was 1.65 × 10−5, and evolutionary clock analysis confirms the slow evolution of EBLV-2 both between and within countries in Europe. This is further supported by the first detailed EBLV-2 intra-roost genomic analysis whereby a relatively high sequence homogeneity was found across the genomes of three EBLV-2 isolates obtained several years apart (2007, 2008, and 2014) from M. daubentonii at the same site (Stokesay Castle, Shropshire, UK).

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“…Today, bat rabies in Europe is known to be caused by five lyssaviruses: European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) and type 2 (EBLV-2), WCBV, LLEBV, and Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (3, 6). EBLV-1 and EBLV-2, the two lyssaviruses mainly found, are also designated as genotypes (or species) 5 and 6, respectively (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Hammarin

Berndtsson

Falk

et al. 2016

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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IntroductionTo study the presence of European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) infections in bat reservoirs in Sweden, active surveillance was performed during the summers from 2008 to 2013.Material and methodsBat specimens were collected at >20 bat colonies in the central, southeastern, and southern parts of Sweden. In total, blood and saliva of 452 bats were examined by a virus neutralization test and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs).Results and discussionEBLV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 14 Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii), all trapped in Skåne or Småland (south and southeast of Sweden). The result was not unexpected since EBLV has been shown to be present in many neighboring countries, for example, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Norway. However, Sweden has been regarded free of rabies in terrestrial mammals since 1896. Although very rare, spillover of EBLV into other animals and humans have occurred, and the risk of EBLV infection to other species including humans should not be ignored. This is the first report of lyssavirus infection in Swedish bats.

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Isolation of Bokeloh bat lyssavirus in Myotis nattereri in France

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives

Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of European Bat Lyssavirus 2

Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

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