Modeling Toxicity of Mixtures of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Triazoles (Triadimefon and Paclobutrazol) to the Benthic Cladoceran<i>Chydorus sphaericus</i>

Le, T.T. Yen; Peijnenburg, Willie J.G.M.

doi:10.1021/es4001104

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Chronic exposure to paclobutrazol, a triazole-containing fungicide widely used in agriculture, was reported to affect reproductive, antioxidant defense, and liver metabolism systems in animals [72,73,74,75,76]. Its effects during development were examined in the zebrafish.…”

Section: Toxic Substances Causing Heart Defects In Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model System to Evaluate Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Cardiac Development and Function

Sarmah

2016

IJMS

119

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Environmental pollution is a serious problem of the modern world that possesses a major threat to public health. Exposure to environmental pollutants during embryonic development is particularly risky. Although many pollutants have been verified as potential toxicants, there are new chemicals in the environment that need assessment. Heart development is an extremely sensitive process, which can be affected by environmentally toxic molecule exposure during embryonic development. Congenital heart defects are the most common life-threatening global health problems, and the etiology is mostly unknown. The zebrafish has emerged as an invaluable model to examine substance toxicity on vertebrate development, particularly on cardiac development. The zebrafish offers numerous advantages for toxicology research not found in other model systems. Many laboratories have used the zebrafish to study the effects of widespread chemicals in the environment on heart development, including pesticides, nanoparticles, and various organic pollutants. Here, we review the uses of the zebrafish in examining effects of exposure to external molecules during embryonic development in causing cardiac defects, including chemicals ubiquitous in the environment and illicit drugs. Known or potential mechanisms of toxicity and how zebrafish research can be used to provide mechanistic understanding of cardiac defects are discussed.

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Section: Toxic Substances Causing Heart Defects In Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model System to Evaluate Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Cardiac Development and Function

Sarmah

2016

IJMS

119

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“…According to the concentration addition model, mixture substances are supposed to act by the same mechanism . Subsequently, the growth of lettuce roots (growth; mm), after exposure to a noninteractive mixture of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + , can be determined based on the free ion activity of these metals at the plasma membrane surface according to the following equation:

Growth = \frac{b}{\exp [{(c_{1} \times {C {normalu}^{2 +}}_{0} + c_{2} \times {Z {normaln}^{2 +}}_{0} + c_{3} \times {A {normalg}^{+}}_{0})}^{d}]}

where c 1 , c 2 , and c 3 (µM −1 ) are the strength coefficients of toxicity of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + in their noninteractive mixtures, respectively; d (dimensionless) is the shape coefficient of the dose–response curve describing toxicity of these metal ions according to the concentration addition model .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response multiplication model is based on the assumption that mixture components have different modes of action of toxicity . Therefore, the response of organisms to noninteractive mixtures can be expressed as a multiplicative function of the response of the organisms following exposure to each constituent separately . Accordingly, the root growth of lettuce (growth; mm) exposed to a noninteractive mixture of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + can be written as Equation 6 according to the concept of response multiplication:

Growth = \frac{b}{\exp [{(c_{1} \times {C {normalu}^{2 +}}_{0})}^{d_{1}} + {(c_{2} \times {Z {normaln}^{2 +}}_{0})}^{d_{2}} + {(c_{3} \times {A {normalg}^{+}}_{0})}^{d_{3}}]}

where c 1 , c 1 , and c 3 (µM −1 ) are the strength coefficients of toxicity of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + in their noninteractive mixtures, respectively; and d 1 , d 2 , and d 3 (dimensionless) are the shape coefficients of the dose–response curves describing toxicity of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + according to the response multiplication model, respectively .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where c 1 , c 2 , and c 3 (mM À1 ) are the strength coefficients of toxicity of Cu 2þ , Zn 2þ , and Ag þ in their noninteractive mixtures, respectively; d (dimensionless) is the shape coefficient of the dose-response curve describing toxicity of these metal ions according to the concentration addition model [10,32,34]. Noninteractive response multiplication model.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Cu 2þ Zn 2þ and Ag þ In Noninteractive Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response multiplication model is based on the assumption that mixture components have different modes of action of toxicity [36]. Therefore, the response of organisms to noninteractive mixtures can be expressed as a multiplicative function of the response of the organisms following exposure to each constituent separately [10,32,34]. Accordingly, the root growth of lettuce (growth; mm) exposed to a noninteractive mixture of Cu 2þ , Zn 2þ , and Ag þ can be written as Equation 6 according to the concept of response multiplication:…”

Section: Toxicity Of Cu 2þ Zn 2þ and Ag þ In Noninteractive Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delineating ion‐ion interactions by electrostatic modeling for predicting rhizotoxicity of metal mixtures to lettuce Lactuca sativa

Wang²,

Vijver

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Effects of ion-ion interactions on metal toxicity to lettuce Lactuca sativa were studied based on the electrical potential at the plasma membrane surface (ψ0 ). Surface interactions at the proximate outside of the membrane influenced ion activities at the plasma membrane surface ({M(n+)}0). At a given free Cu(2+) activity in the bulk medium ({Cu(2+)}b), additions of Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) resulted in substantial decreases in {Cu(2+)}0. Additions of Zn(2+) led to declines in {Cu(2+)}0, but Cu(2+) and Ag(+) at the exposure levels tested had negligible effects on the plasma membrane surface activity of each other. Metal toxicity was expressed by the {M(n+)}0 -based strength coefficient, indicating a decrease of toxicity in the order: Ag(+) > Cu(2+) > Zn(2+). Adsorbed Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) had significant and dose-dependent effects on Cu(2+) toxicity in terms of osmolarity. Internal interactions between Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) and between Cu(2+) and Ag(+) were modeled by expanding the strength coefficients in concentration addition and response multiplication models. These extended models consistently indicated that Zn(2+) significantly alleviated Cu(2+) toxicity. According to the extended concentration addition model, Ag(+) significantly enhanced Cu(2+) toxicity whereas Cu(2+) reduced Ag(+) toxicity. By contrast, the response multiplication model predicted insignificant effects of adsorbed Cu(2+) and Ag(+) on the toxicity of each other. These interactions were interpreted using ψ0, demonstrating its influence on metal toxicity.

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Joint toxicity of cadmium and SDBS on Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2016

Ecotoxicology

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Information on joint toxicity is limited. To clarify the joint toxicity and the interactions among toxicants on different aquatic organisms, we investigated the acute toxicity of cadmium and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, two chemicals with high concerns in Chinese waters, on the immobilization of Daphnia magna (D. magna) and the swimming behavior of Danio rerio (D. rerio). Our results illustrated that cadmium and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate expressed a synergistic effect on the immobilization of D. magna; and an antagonistic effect on the swimming speed D. rerio, but a synergistic effect on its vertical position in the water column. Based on the observed data, we found the independent action model was more appropriate than the concentration addition model in the prediction of their joint toxicity. Our results gave an example of the joint toxicity investigation, and aided to comprehensive the toxicity action mode of chemical mixtures.

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Modeling Toxicity of Mixtures of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Triazoles (Triadimefon and Paclobutrazol) to the Benthic CladoceranChydorus sphaericus

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model System to Evaluate Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Cardiac Development and Function

Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model System to Evaluate Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Cardiac Development and Function

Delineating ion‐ion interactions by electrostatic modeling for predicting rhizotoxicity of metal mixtures to lettuce Lactuca sativa

Joint toxicity of cadmium and SDBS on Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

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