Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Broiler Chickens in Germany

Schade, Benjamin; Schmitt, Ferdinand; Böhm, Brigitte; Alex, Michaela; Fux, Robert; Cattoli, Giovanni; Terregino, Calogero; Monne, Isabella; Currie, Richard J. W.; Olias, Philipp

doi:10.1637/10330-082312-case.1

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…During the last 15 years some FAdV-1 strains have been shown to cause gizzard erosions in broiler chickens in Japan (Abe et al, 2001;Okuda et al, 2001;Nakamura et al, 2002;Ono et al, 2003), several European countries (Manarolla et al, 2009;Marek et al, 2010;Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2011;Grafl et al, 2012;Kaján et al, 2013;Schade et al, 2013) and in Korea (Lim et al, 2012). The FAdV-1 field isolate used in this study was isolated from the bursa of a healthy broiler chicken, as in other studies in which serotype 1 isolates were obtained from healthy birds Nakamura et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens

et al. 2015

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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause diseases in domestic chickens, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), with immunosuppression believed to play a role in their pathogenesis. To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and chronology of disease caused by FAdVs, the gross pathology, histopathology and dissemination of virus were examined at several different time points, after inoculation of one-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens with FAdV-1, FAdV-8b or FAdV-11 via the ocular route. FAdV-8b had a slightly greater virulence than FAdV-11, but both were primary pathogens. The presence and severity of hepatic lesions were used to define the three stages of the disease: incubation (1-3 days post-inoculation, PI), degeneration (4-7 days PI) and convalescence (14 days PI). Both viruses were detected in the liver, kidney, bursa, thymus and gizzard of most birds during the degenerative stage, and persisted in the gizzard into convalescence. The FAdV-1 isolate was found to be apathogenic, but virus was detected in the bursa and/or gizzard of several birds between 2 and 7 days PI. This is the first study examining the chronology of gross and microscopic lesions of pathogenic and apathogenic FAdVs in association with viral presence in multiple tissues. It was concluded that both FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 are primary pathogens, and that these strains may play a role in immunosuppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens

et al. 2015

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“…Strains belonging to serotype FAdV-1, representing FAdV-A and serotype FAdV-8 of FAdV-E are responsible mainly for gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) [15,16]. GEU has been associated with FAdV-A infections in chickens in Japan, Europe [9,20], and Korea [8]. Serotype FAdV-4 (FAdV-C) can cause hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland

Niczyporuk

2015

Arch Virol

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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are widely distributed in chickens in Poland and throughout the world. FAdV infections have been reported in the United States, Australia, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin. Detection of FAdVs strains is very important from the epidemiological point of view and for monitoring disease outbreaks and developing strategies for vaccine development. Several molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies have been performed, but the results obtained are still limited, because FAdV strains, even of the same serotype, have very diverse characteristics. Some strains are pathogenic and some are nonpathogenic. This report describes the successful isolation of 96 FAdV field strains from chickens in Poland. A PCR assay specific for the L1 loop region of the hexon gene was conducted, and the products were subjected to sequence analysis. The sequences were analysed using BLAST and Geneious 6.0 software and compared to adenovirus field and reference strain sequences from different parts of the world that are accessible in the NCBI GenBank database. The sequences of the adenovirus strains indicated that they belonged to five species, Fowl aviadenovirus A-E, represented by eight serotypes FAdV-1, FAdV-4, FAdV-5, FAdV-7, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-2/11 (FAdV-D). The relationships between FAdVs isolated in Poland and isolates from other regions of the world were determined.

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“…Hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in affected hepatocytes is typically found upon histopathological examination (McFerran & Adair 2003). Other pathological conditions commonly associated with FAdV include immunosuppression, hydropericardium, growth retardation and gizzard erosion (Marek et al 2010;McFerran & Adair 2003;Schade et al 2013;Schonewille et al 2010). Although both vertical and horizontal transmission has been described, vertical transmission is of particular importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in South Africa

Maartens¹,

Joubert²,

Aitchison³

et al. 2014

J S Afr Vet Assoc

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Inclusion body hepatitis is an acute disease of chickens ascribed to viruses of the genus Aviadenovirus and referred to as fowl adenovirus (FAdV). There are 12 FAdV types (FAdV1 to FAdV8a and FAdV8b to FAdV11), classified into five species based on their genotype (designated FAdVA to FAdVE). A total of 218 000 chickens, 2-29 days of age, were affected over a 1-year period, all testing positive by microscopy, virus isolation and confirmation with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Affected birds were depressed, lost body weight, were weak and had watery droppings. Pathological changes observed during necropsy indicated consistent changes in the liver, characterised by hepatomegaly, cholestasis and hepatitis. Lesions were also discernible in the spleen, kidney and gizzard wall and were characterised by splenomegaly, pinpoint haemorrhages, nephritis with haemorrhage, visceral gout and serosal ecchymosis of the gizzard wall. Histopathological lesions were most consistently observed in the liver but could also be seen in renal and splenic tissue. Virus isolation was achieved in embryonated eggs and most embryos revealed multifocal to diffuse hepatic necrosis, with a mixed cellular infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils (necro-granulomas), even in the absence of macroscopic pathology. Virus isolation results were verified by histopathology and PCR on embryonic material and further characterised by nucleotide sequence analysis. Two infectious bursal disease virus isolates were also made from the Klerksdorp flock. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the L1 hexon loop of all the FAdV isolates indicated homology (99%) with prototype strains P7-A for FAdV-2, as well as for FAdV-8b.

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Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Broiler Chickens in Germany

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens

Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens

Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland

Inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in South Africa

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