Determination of imidocarb residues in bovine and ovine liver and milk by immunobiosensor

Abstract

Imidocarb (IMD) is a veterinary drug that has been used for more than 30 years to treat and prevent parasitic diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that substantial levels of IMD residues are retained in the edible tissues and milk of cattle and sheep for up to 6 months after administration. This has led to concern regarding the potential adverse effects posed through human consumption of edible tissue or milk from treated animals if the recommended withdrawal periods for the drug are not properly implemented. While MRLs have been established by the European Union, it is important that analytical methods are available to monitor food samples for potentially violative levels of IMD residues. A qualitative biosensor-based immunoassay was developed to allow the detection of IMD at less than the European Union MRLs of 50 μg kg(-1) for milk and 2 mg kg(-1) for bovine and ovine liver. Validation of the developed methods provided a detection capability of <25 μg kg(-1) in milk and <0.75 mg kg(-1) in liver. A comparison study was undertaken, with IMD incurred milk and ovine liver samples analysed by the newly developed procedures and results compared with those obtained by LC-MS/MS. The newly developed screening method was applied to both incurred milk and liver samples. This faster, cheaper and reliable screening method has potential use in sample analysis to ensure compliance with legislative requirements.

Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS

“…Imidocarb (IMD) is a carbanilide derivative with molecular formula C 19 H 20 N 6 O and the molecular structure is shown in Figure 1. The dipropionate salt of imidocarb (IMDP) can be used to treat protozoan parasite diseases including babesiosis, anaplasmosis and eperythrozoonosis [5][6][7]. Research on veterinary drug residues in edible animal tissues is of fundamental importance for public health.…”

Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Residues of Imidocarb in Milk and Beef Samples

“…These include liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS), 6,9,10 high-performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry, 11,12 and immunoassays. 6,13 The methods above have a good sensitivity; however, they generally need complicated sample pretreatment procedures, wellequipped laboratories, and relatively long assay times. Therefore, we need a more rapid, convenient, and less expensive method for the detection of imidocarb residues in the field.…”

“…The leading cause of residue formation from imidocarb is the conversion of antibiotics, where they combine tightly with tissues having a high DNA content. According to the European Drug Evaluation Agency, the maximum residue limit (MRL) of imidocarb in cow, sheep, and chicken tissues is 300 μg/kg in muscle, 50 μg/kg in fat, 200 μg/kg in liver, and 500 μg/kg in kidney. − …”

“…A large number of methods have been developed for the quantitative detection of imidocarb in various substrates. These include liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), ,, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, , and immunoassays. , The methods above have a good sensitivity; however, they generally need complicated sample pretreatment procedures, well-equipped laboratories, and relatively long assay times. Therefore, we need a more rapid, convenient, and less expensive method for the detection of imidocarb residues in the field.…”

Immunochromatographic assay based on high‐affine monoclonal antibody for the detection of imidocarb in milk

“…Until now, there is only one paper reporting the detection of IM using immunological method. Traynor et al (2013) manufactured polyclonal antibodies against IM and established an immunochemical biosensor assay with the test capability of 25 µg/kg in milk (Traynor et al, 2013). As far as we know, it has hardly been reported the ICS method for IM detection.…”