Electrochemical determination of cocaine using screen-printed cytochrome P450 2B4 based biosensors

Asturias-Arribas, Laura; Alonso‐Lomillo, M. Asunción; Domínguez‐Renedo, Olga; Arcos‐Martínez, M. Julia

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.078

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, interferences from substances which oxidise at potentials close to that observed for cocaine make the analysis more difficult. This difficulty has sometimes been solved by the modification of the working electrode with polymers, Schiff bases, or biomolecules which increase the sensitivity and provide selectivity to the electrochemical system (Table 1) [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Comparing the analytical parameters with those previously reported in the literature (see Table 1), it is clearly seen that the use of the PANI-β-CD/ fMWCNT film leads, in most cases, to comparable limits of detection.…”

Section: Analytical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Carbon nanotube β-cyclodextrin-modified electrode for quantification of cocaine in seized street samples

Garrido

Borges

Brett

et al. 2016

Ionics

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Detection and quantification of cocaine is a key tool in fields such as police apprehensions and the fight against drug trafficking. Thus, a simple, fast and inexpensive electroanalytical methodology for the determination of cocaine in seized street samples has been developed, employing linear sweep voltammetry. The method is based on the use of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by a combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) incorporated in a polyaniline film. The proposed method shows high reproducibility, repeatability and specificity. Under optimal conditions, the β-CD/ MWCNT-modified GC electrode gives a detection limit of 1.02 μM cocaine. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatography reference method. The new methodology proposed has excellent potential as the basis of a portable analytical sensor for on-site screening of cocaine in seized street samples.

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Section: Analytical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Carbon nanotube β-cyclodextrin-modified electrode for quantification of cocaine in seized street samples

Garrido

Borges

Brett

et al. 2016

Ionics

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“…The electrochemical direct determination of COC has been described at bare 9–11 and chemically modified carbon‐paste electrodes 12 due to the electroactive properties of the COC molecule, but the sensitivities of these sensors were poor (concentrations were in a range of about 30 to 3000 ng mL −1 COC), and the high potentials used, about +1 V, may result in electrochemical interferences. We have previously developed amperometric biosensors using COC as a substrate of the cytochrome P450 enzyme (limit of detection, LOD=5.7 ng mL −1 COC) 13, 14. COC also inhibits acethylcholinesterases allowing the design of COC piezoelectric biosensors based on enzyme inhibition 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi‐electrochemical Competitive Immunosensor for Sensitive Cocaine Determination in Biological Samples

Vidal

Bertolín

Bonel³

et al. 2015

Electroanalysis

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[a] 1Introduction Cocaine (COC) is ap owerfully addictive alkaloidp resent on the leaves of the coca plant (erythroxylum coca, erythroxylumn ovogranatense)a nd is one of the most worldwide used illicit drugs [1].I ti sastrong centraln ervous system stimulantt hat increases the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking reuptakes at nerve synapses,t hereby prolonging its action.Following administration, COC is rapidly metabolized by enzymatic hydrolysis into two majorm etabolites benzoylecgonine( BZE) and ecgonine methyl-ester (EME) [2].C OC concentrations in plasma depend from the routes of intake, and maximum values vary in ar ange 50-2000 ng mL À1 ,i natime of about 30-120 min. or greater depending on the route [3].N evertheless,m etabolites may be identified up to 144 h. Metabolite:cocaine ratios increase after COC administration, and might prove useful for interpreting times of last use in pharmacological and pharmacokineticss tudies [4].C OC is eliminated unchanged in the urine in 1-9 %p ercentage,w ith ah igher proportion in acid urine [2,3].T he duration of unmetabolized cocaine in urine can be up to 6-8 hours,so that the pharmacologicald etection of COC also reports av ery recent COC use [3].T he initial screening cutoff levels of COC in serum and urine are usually considered 300 ng mL À1 for cocaine and its metabolites [2,3]. Fort he samei ndividual, COC concentration in saliva is approximately three-fold of that foundi np lasma and over five-fold in urine.I na ddition, COC elimination halflife is lower in saliva than in urine or blood, which makes oral fluid analysis suitable for determination of very recent use providing unequivocal screen results within minutes [4].T he cutoff level on saliva drug tests for cocaine is normally 20 ng mLTheb iological detection of drugu se involvesascreening test, which if positive,i sf ollowed by ac onfirmatory test. Screeninga nalysis of COC in av ariety of samples (e.g. urine,b lood,p lasma, hair, saliva, sweat, meconium, cocaine powder or waste water) use commonly enzyme immunoassays (EIA), e.g. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis) [5][6][7],w hile liquid chromatography-(tandem) masss pectrometry( LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the usual methods of choice for confirmation of presumptive positive results from the initial screeninga nalysis [8].T ypically,C OC is extracted in an organic solventf or chromatographic analysis,f ollowed by af orm of sample clean-up (e.g. centrifugation or filtration), preconcentration, and purification of the extractedt arget due to matrix effects [8].G C-MS also require complicated chemical derivatization procedures of the COC molecules [5,8].S uch timeexpensives amplep retreatment procedures can be avoided with immunochemical analysis simply by diluting the biological sample in an aqueous buffer beforethe analysis [5].T he reported limits of detection (LODs) of the GC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods are in the range1 .2 to Abstract:Am ulti-electrochemical competitive immunosensor for the rapi...

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“…The immobilization of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) on SPCEs has been 2B4 enzyme with commercial carbon ink, followed by direct screen-printing onto the surface of SPCEs to produce the WE, completing a three-electrode disposable device for chronoamperometric measurement of cocaine [14].…”

Section: Cytochrome P450 (Cyp450)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionaly, the formaldehyde produced in the reaction between the enzyme and cocaine was used to analyze the performance of the enzymatic reaction, by spectrophotometry measurements [14]. Alonso-Lomillo et al also proposed the use of the CYP450 2B4 enzyme for the selective determination of the antiepileptic drug phenobarbital [96].…”

Section: Cytochrome P450 (Cyp450)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis

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Quinaz

2016

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Electrochemical determination of cocaine using screen-printed cytochrome P450 2B4 based biosensors

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Carbon nanotube β-cyclodextrin-modified electrode for quantification of cocaine in seized street samples

Carbon nanotube β-cyclodextrin-modified electrode for quantification of cocaine in seized street samples

A Multi‐electrochemical Competitive Immunosensor for Sensitive Cocaine Determination in Biological Samples

Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis

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