Biotrophic transportome in mutualistic plant–fungal interactions

Casieri, Leonardo; Lahmidi, Nassima Ait; Doidy, Joan; Veneault‐Fourrey, Claire; Migeon, Aude; Bonneau, Laurent; Courty, Pierre‐Emmanuel; Garcia, Kevin; Charbonnier, Maryse; Delteil, Amandine; Brun, Annick; Zimmermann, Sabine; Plassard, Claude; Wipf, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0496-9

Cited by 162 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 276 publications

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“…The negative effect on AM symbiosis is confirmed by a significant decrease of the FmPT expression (Fig. S6), a molecular marker to analyze the AM phenotype, already detected in the intraradical mycelium and in cells containing arbuscules (Casieri et al 2013). Yet, the reduction of ammonium and phosphorus transfer from the fungus to the plant could be an indirect effect (i.e., due to the modification of other transport systems, and/or modification of N metabolism), as AMT proteins control N metabolism and regulate ammonium assimilation (e.g., Ludewig et al 2007).…”

Section: Am-inducible Amts Are Conserved In the Poaceaementioning

confidence: 67%

Phylogenetic, structural, and functional characterization of AMT3;1, an ammonium transporter induced by mycorrhization among model grasses

et al. 2017

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In the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, plants satisfy part of their nitrogen (N) requirement through the AM pathway. In sorghum, the ammonium transporters (AMT) AMT3;1, and to a lesser extent AMT4, are induced in cells containing developing arbuscules. Here, we have characterized orthologs of AMT3;1 and AMT4 in four other grasses in addition to sorghum. AMT3;1 and AMT4 orthologous genes are induced in AM roots, suggesting that in the common ancestor of these five plant species, both AMT3;1 and AMT4 were already present and upregulated upon AM colonization. An artificial microRNA approach was successfully used to downregulate either AMT3;1 or AMT4 in rice. Mycorrhizal root colonization and hyphal length density of knockdown plants were not affected at that time, indicating that the manipulation did not modify the establishment of the AM symbiosis and the interaction between both partners. However, expression of the fungal phosphate transporter FmPT was significantly reduced in knockdown plants, indicating a reduction of the nutrient fluxes from the AM fungus to the plant. The AMT3;1 knockdown plants (but Sally Koegel and Delphine Mieulet contributed equally to this work. P from the AM fungal network was reduced. This confirms that N and phosphorus nutrition through the mycorrhizal pathway are closely linked. But most importantly, it indicates that AMT3;1 is the prime plant transporter involved in the mycorrhizal ammonium transfer and that its function during uptake of N cannot be performed by AMT4. Electronic supplementary material

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Section: Am-inducible Amts Are Conserved In the Poaceaementioning

confidence: 67%

Phylogenetic, structural, and functional characterization of AMT3;1, an ammonium transporter induced by mycorrhization among model grasses

et al. 2017

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“…The nodule-specific MtN3 is a member of the M. truncatula SWEET family, and an involvement in bacteroid nutrition inside the nodule has been suggested (Bapaume and Reinhardt 2012), even though previous studies indicated that dicarboxylic acids are likely the carbon source supplied to intracellular bacteroids (see in White et al 2007). Whether proteins of the SWEET family play a functional role also in mycorrhizal symbiosis remains to be established (Casieri et al 2013;Tarkka et al 2013), although the peculiarities of orchid mycorrhiza with respect to carbon flow would envisage differences with other plant-microbe interactions, at least during the mycoheterotrophic protocorm stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression in mycorrhizal orchid protocorms suggests a friendly plant–fungus relationship

Perotto

Rodda

Benetti

et al. 2014

Planta

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Main conclusionOrchid mycorrhiza has been often interpreted as an antagonistic relationship. Our data on mycorrhizal protocorms do not support this view as plant defence genes were not induced, whereas some nodulinlike genes were significantly up-regulated.Orchids fully depend on symbiotic interactions with specific soil fungi for seed germination and early development. Germinated seeds give rise to a protocorm, a heterotrophic organ that acquires nutrients, including organic carbon, from the mycorrhizal partner. It has long been debated if this interaction is mutualistic or antagonistic. To investigate the molecular bases of the orchid response to mycorrhizal invasion, we developed a symbiotic in vitro system between Serapias vomeracea, a Mediterranean green meadow orchid, and the rhizoctonia-like fungus Tulasnella calospora. 454 pyrosequencing was used to generate an inventory of plant and fungal genes expressed in mycorrhizal protocorms, and plant genes could be reliably identified with a customized bioinformatic pipeline. A small panel of plant genes was selected and expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal protocorm tissues. Among these genes were some markers of mutualistic (e.g. nodulins) as well as antagonistic (e.g. pathogenesis-related and wound/stress-induced) genes. None of the pathogenesis or wound/stress-related genes were significantly up-regulated in mycorrhizal tissues, suggesting that fungal colonization does not trigger strong plant defence responses. In addition, the highest expression fold change in mycorrhizal tissues was found for a nodulin-like gene similar to the plastocyanin domaincontaining ENOD55. Another nodulin-like gene significantly more expressed in the symbiotic tissues of mycorrhizal protocorms was similar to a sugar transporter of the SWEET family. Two genes coding for mannose-binding lectins were significantly up-regulated in the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus, but their role in the symbiosis is unclear.

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“…This paper will not cover mycorrhiza; instead readers are referred to recent review papers (eg. Casieri et al, 2013;Recorbet et al, 2013).…”

Section: Even Though Mn Is Not Considered In Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere

Rengel

2015

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

213

186

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This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent.Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and plant properties, and interactions of roots with microorganisms and the surrounding soil. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds (carboxylate anions, phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) and inorganic ions (protons, phosphate, etc.) to change chemistry and biology of the rhizosphere and increase micronutrient availability. Increased availability may result from solubilization and mobilization by short-chain organic acid anions, amino acids and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Acidification of the rhizosphere soil increases mobilization of micronutrients (eg. for Zn, 100-fold increase in solubility for each unit of pH decrease).For diffusion-supplied micronutrients, the uptake rate is governed by the soil nutrient supply. Fertilisation with micronutrients (more so in case of Zn than Fe) can be effective in increasing the concentration of micronutrients at the soil-root interface. In addition, micronutrient-efficient crops and genotypes can increase an available nutrient fraction and hence increase micronutrient uptake.Our understanding of the physiological processes governing exudation and the soil-plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is currently inadequate, especially in terms of spatial and temporal variability in root exudation as well as the fate and effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds in increasing availability of soil micronutrients and undesirable trace elements. The interactions between microorganisms and plants at the soilroot interface are particularly important as well obscure.

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Biotrophic transportome in mutualistic plant–fungal interactions

Cited by 162 publications

References 276 publications

Phylogenetic, structural, and functional characterization of AMT3;1, an ammonium transporter induced by mycorrhization among model grasses

Phylogenetic, structural, and functional characterization of AMT3;1, an ammonium transporter induced by mycorrhization among model grasses

Gene expression in mycorrhizal orchid protocorms suggests a friendly plant–fungus relationship

Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere

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