Species history and divergence times of viviparous and oviparous Chinese toad-headed sand lizards (Phrynocephalus) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Jin, Yuanting; Brown, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.022

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…maximum likelihood tree and NeighborJoining Tree in MEGA 7.0). The estimated topology supported a previous published phylogenetic inference including all Phrynocephalus viviparity (Jin and Brown 2013). …”

supporting

confidence: 86%

The complete mitochondrial genome of the lizard subspecies, Phrynocephalus vlangalii vlangalii (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae)

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2018

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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The complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced from the toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii vlangalii. The overall length of mitogenome is 16,319 bp, including 22 tRNA, 13 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 control regions. The gene order and content were same with the published congeneric mitogenomes, besides the small portion between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe .

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supporting

confidence: 86%

The complete mitochondrial genome of the lizard subspecies, Phrynocephalus vlangalii vlangalii (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae)

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2018

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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“…Miocene events on the plateau appear to have had an impact at the intrageneric level or higher. For example, divergence of viviparous from oviparous lineages of Phrynocephalus lizards is thought to have occurred at approximately this time 10 as did divergence of Thermophis snake species 11 . Many other studies have documented more recent biodiversity-generating mechanisms up to and including the last major glaciation, which appear to have impacted population structure within several species, including snow finches 3 and pikas 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we investigate a very interesting lizard which is little-known outside of China, Phrynocephalus theobaldi . This species inhabits elevations of 3600–5100 m and is therefore one of the highest altitude reptiles on earth 10, 18 . It almost certainly lives close to the upper limit of a lizard’s habitable environment 10, 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species inhabits elevations of 3600–5100 m and is therefore one of the highest altitude reptiles on earth 10, 18 . It almost certainly lives close to the upper limit of a lizard’s habitable environment 10, 18 . Phrynocephalus theobaldi has an elongated distribution, extending over 1000 km due to its occupation of narrow mountain valleys, which cover the western and southern portions of the Xizang area of the QTP, including the Ngari region of western Tibet, the Brahmaputra River valley, and the Xizang Southern Valley, between the north side of the Himalaya mountains and the south side of the Gangdese-Nyainqentanglha mountains 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geography and timing of genetic divergence in the lizard Phrynocephalus theobaldi on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Jin

Liu

Brown

2017

Sci Rep

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The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) represents one of the earth’s most significant physical features and there is increasing interest in the historical generation of biodiversity within this region. We hypothesized that there should be clear geographically coherent genetic structuring within one of the world’s highest altitude lizards, Phrynocephalus theobaldi, due to considerable historical population fragmentation in this environment. This was tested using a major mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) survey and sequencing of two nuclear markers (AME and RAG-1) from P. theobaldi, from across the southern QTP. A Bayesian method (BPEC) was used to detect four geographically structured mtDNA clusters. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree, together with associated dating analyses, supported four corresponding evolutionary lineages with a timing of 3.74–7.03 Ma for the most basal P. theobaldi split and Pliocene splits of 2.97–5.79 Ma and 2.40–5.39 Ma in the two daughter lineages. Himalayan uplift and changes in the Jilong basin may have contributed to these divergences, but uplift of the Gangdese mountains is rejected due to its timing. The nuclear markers appeared to be sorted between the four mtDNA groups, and species delimitation analyses supported the four phylogeographical groups as candidate species. The study contributes to our understanding of biodiversity on the QTP.

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“…Quite interesting also is the fact that the reproductive mode (i.e., oviparity vs. viviparity) is not taxonomically restricted. Thus, both distinct modes of reproduction co-occur amongst different species of the lizard Phrynocephalus (Jin & Brown 2013), among populations of the same species in Salamandra salamandra (Buckley et al 2007) and in the lizards Lerista bougainvillii (Qualls et al 1995), Saiphos equalis (Smith & Shine 1997) and Zootoca vivipara (Brañ a 1986).…”

Section: Constraints On the Evolution Of Viviparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the sacral region and reproductive strategies of Metriorhynchidae: a counter-inductive approach

Herrera

Fernández

Lamas

et al. 2015

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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Morphological and physiological features indicate Metriorhynchidae as the only group of crocodylomorphs with a pelagic lifestyle. Some of these features have evolved convergently in several clades of tetrapods secondarily adapted to aquatic life. One striking feature of metriorhynchids as compared to other crocodylomorphs is the morphology of the pelvic region (i.e., ventrally deflected sacral ribs and reduced pelvic girdle), which increases significantly the depth of this region. This morphology, as a whole, resembles that of other viviparous Mesozoic marine reptiles not phylogenetically related to metriorhynchids. We tested two alternative hypotheses of reproductive strategies in this clade: oviparity vs. viviparity. Given the lack of direct evidence supporting one or the other, we explored the use of evidence that may disconfirm either of these hypotheses. Using this counter-inductive approach, we found no cases contradicting viviparity in metriorhynchids, except for their phylogenetic position as archosaurs. A survey of reproductive modes amongst amniotes depicts the evolutionary plasticity of the transition to viviparity, and a widespread occurrence among tetrapods secondarily adapted to a marine life. Assuming oviparity for metriorhynchids implies egg-laying out of the water. However, their postcranial morphology (i.e., features of fore and hind limbs, pelvic girdle, and tail) contradicts this possibility. In this context, we rejected oviparity for metriorhynchids.

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Species history and divergence times of viviparous and oviparous Chinese toad-headed sand lizards (Phrynocephalus) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

The complete mitochondrial genome of the lizard subspecies, Phrynocephalus vlangalii vlangalii (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of the lizard subspecies, Phrynocephalus vlangalii vlangalii (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae)

The geography and timing of genetic divergence in the lizard Phrynocephalus theobaldi on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Morphology of the sacral region and reproductive strategies of Metriorhynchidae: a counter-inductive approach

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