Suppression of Rice Immunity by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> Type III Effector Xoo2875

Yamaguchi, Koji; Nakamura, Yusuke; Ishikawa, Kazuya; Yoshimura, Yuya; Tsuge, Seiji; Kawasaki, Tsutomu

doi:10.1271/bbb.120929

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Xoo2875, a type III effector from the bacterial pathogen X. o. pv oryzae also interacts with OsBAK1 to inhibit innate immunity as well as BR signaling. Consistent with this, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants expressing Xoo2875 display, in addition to increased X. o. pv oryzae susceptibility, a semi-dwarf plant phenotype that is reminiscent of rice plants with silenced OsBAK1 (Yamaguchi et al, 2013). BIK1 (BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1), which is required for PTI, interacts with the flagellin receptors FLS2 and BAK1.…”

Section: Effector-mediated Manipulation Of the Brassinosteroid Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 72%

Intervention of Phytohormone Pathways by Pathogen Effectors

2014

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Section: Effector-mediated Manipulation Of the Brassinosteroid Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 72%

Intervention of Phytohormone Pathways by Pathogen Effectors

2014

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“…Hence, suppressing BAK1 activity will compromise not only PTI, but also plant development by impairing BRI1 function. The rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae targets BAK1 and its type III effector protein Xoo2875 interacts with BAK1, and its expression in rice results in a semi‐dwarf phenotype and a compromised PTI response (Yamaguchi et al ., ). Taken together, the data are consistent with Avr2 targeting the PRR–BAK1–BIK1/PBL1 complex at the plasma membrane, thereby interfering with PTI signaling and plant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Structure–function analysis of the Fusarium oxysporum Avr2 effector allows uncoupling of its immune‐suppressing activity from recognition

Cao

Hughes

et al. 2017

New Phytologist

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Summary Plant pathogens employ effector proteins to manipulate their hosts. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), the causal agent of tomato wilt disease, produces effector protein Avr2. Besides being a virulence factor, Avr2 triggers immunity in I‐2 carrying tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Fol strains that evade I‐2 recognition carry point mutations in Avr2 (e.g. Avr2R45H), but retain full virulence.Here we investigate the virulence function of Avr2 and determine its crystal structure. Transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis expressing either wild‐type ΔspAvr2 (deleted signal‐peptide) or the ΔspAvr2 R45H variant become hypersusceptible to fungal, and even bacterial infections, suggesting that Avr2 targets a conserved defense mechanism. Indeed, Avr2 transgenic plants are attenuated in immunity‐related readouts, including flg22‐induced growth inhibition, ROS production and callose deposition.The crystal structure of Avr2 reveals that the protein shares intriguing structural similarity to ToxA from the wheat pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis and to TRAF proteins. The I‐2 resistance‐breaking Avr2V41M, Avr2R45H and Avr2R46P variants cluster on a surface‐presented loop. Structure‐guided mutagenesis enabled uncoupling of virulence from I‐2‐mediated recognition.We conclude that I‐2‐mediated recognition is not based on monitoring Avr2 virulence activity, which includes suppression of immune responses via an evolutionarily conserved effector target, but by recognition of a distinct epitope.

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“…As a shared signalling partner (co‐receptor), BAK1 associates with BRI1 and PRR (FLS2 and EFR) to activate their kinase activity and enhance signalling output. The bacterial effectors AvrPto, AvrPtoB, HopF2, and Xoo2875 were evolved to target BAK1 to attenuate BR and PTI signalling (Cheng et al ., ; Shan et al ., ; Yamaguchi et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ). Much attention has been paid on decreased PTI signalling, their effect on BR has not yet been investigated, even though transgenic plants overexpressing these effectors exhibit typical BR‐insensitive phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR131 suppresses plant immunity by targeting plant receptor‐like kinase inhibitor BKI1

Xia

Liu

Song

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary The grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola secretes a set of RXLR effectors (PvRXLRs) to overcome host immunity and facilitate infection, but how these effectors function is unclear. Here, the biological function of PvRXLR131 was investigated via heterologous expression. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides significantly enhanced its pathogenicity on grapevine leaves. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 (hrcC‐) growth as well as suppressed defence‐related callose deposition. Transient expression of PvRXLR131 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could also suppress different elicitor‐triggered cell death and inhibit plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Further analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1), and its homologues in N. benthamiana (NbBKI1) and Arabidopsis (AtBKI1). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1 in the plasma membrane. Deletion assays showed that the C‐terminus of PvRXLR131 was responsible for the interaction and mutation assays showed that phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in BKI1s disrupted the interaction. BKI1 was a receptor inhibitor of growth‐ and defence‐related brassinosteroid (BR) and ERECTA (ER) signalling. When silencing of NbBKI1 in N. benthamiana, the virulence function of PvRXLR131 was eliminated, demonstrating that the effector activity is mediated by BKI1. Moreover, PvRXLR131‐transgenic plants displayed BKI1‐overexpression dwarf phenotypes and suppressed BR and ER signalling. These physiological and genetic data clearly demonstrate that BKI1 is a virulence target of PvRXLR131. We propose that P. viticola secretes PvRXLR131 to target BKI1 as a strategy for promoting infection.

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Suppression of Rice Immunity by Xanthomonas oryzae Type III Effector Xoo2875

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Intervention of Phytohormone Pathways by Pathogen Effectors

Intervention of Phytohormone Pathways by Pathogen Effectors

Structure–function analysis of the Fusarium oxysporum Avr2 effector allows uncoupling of its immune‐suppressing activity from recognition

Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR131 suppresses plant immunity by targeting plant receptor‐like kinase inhibitor BKI1

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