A concise review of HPLC, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods for determination of azithromycin in various biological matrices

Sharma, Kuldeep; Mullangi, Ramesh

doi:10.1002/bmc.2898

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…HPLC [11][12][13], LC-MS and LC-MS/MS [14] methods were applied to the drug analysis in various biological matrices for the pharmacokinetic mechanism. These methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive for the therapeutic application [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS detection of expired tetracycline hydrochloride with an optical fiber nano-probe

et al. 2015

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This paper was to develop a Raman spectra analytical method for the analysis of tetracycline hydrochloride. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were measured with the optical fiber nano-probe coated nanoparticles. Both the normal and the expired tetracycline hydrochloride were analyzed by the direct detection mode and remote detection mode. The results showed that the surface-enhanced Raman spectra could provide the chemical information for distinguishing the normal drugs from the expired ones. It demonstrated that the drug could be analyzed rapidly by SERS with optical fiber nano-probe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS detection of expired tetracycline hydrochloride with an optical fiber nano-probe

et al. 2015

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“…This might be explained by the uncertainty of measurement which would expected to be more prominent when working with very low concentrations. Assessing AZM levels by HPLC methods, however, has proven to be reliable even at very low concentrations (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin Concentrations During Long-Term Regimen in Patients With MALT Lymphoma

Scheibenpflug

Obermüller

Reznicek

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IntroductionIn view of the antineoplastic effects of the macrolide clarithromycin in mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)-lymphoma, we performed a pilot study assessing levels of azithromycin in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of MALT-lymphoma patients to determine the pharmacokinetics and potential influences of respective concentrations on the therapeutic outcome.Material and methodsIn total 16 patients with MALT-lymphoma received 1.5g of oral azithromycin once-weekly over 6 months. Blood was sampled directly prior to the following dose every 4 weeks during treatment. Drug levels were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography in plasma and intracellularly in PBMC and PMN. They were correlated with patients’ age, weight and body-mass-index and compared between patients responsive or unresponsive to treatment.ResultsMean azithromycin plasma levels of all patients were 58.97±30.48 ng/ml, remaining stable throughout the treatment period. Correlation analysis of plasma azithromycin showed no significance. Intracellular PBMC concentrations were 6648±8479 ng/ml, without any significant difference between responders and non-responders. Mean PMN levels were 39274±25659 ng/ml and significantly higher in patients unresponsive to treatment (t=2.858, p=0.017).ConclusionOur drug regime led to continuously high plasma and exceedingly high intracellular concentrations of azithromycin in PBMC and PMN. Age, weight or body-mass-index had no significant influence on plasma levels and thence should not be considered in dosage finding. High AZM levels in PBMC did not lead to a better treatment response, whereas enrichment in PMN suggested a poorer outcome. The threshold for immunomodulatory effects on lymphoma cells might not have been reached. Additionally, the finding of stable plasma and intracellular concentrations over months with high-dose azithromycin administered in intervals might also be important for the further design of azithromycin-based trials against MALT-lymphoma.

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“…Because UV detection is a cheap, very accessible, robust and straightforward technique, it still plays a key role in pharmaceutical analysis [8,9]. Molecules without chromophores can, however, not be detected and its low specificity is a major drawback when complex matrices are considered.…”

Section: Instrumental Advances (A) Mass Analyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis

Loos¹,

Schepdael²,

Cabooter³

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.

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A concise review of HPLC, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods for determination of azithromycin in various biological matrices

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

SERS detection of expired tetracycline hydrochloride with an optical fiber nano-probe

SERS detection of expired tetracycline hydrochloride with an optical fiber nano-probe

Azithromycin Concentrations During Long-Term Regimen in Patients With MALT Lymphoma

Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis

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