Silicon absorption and excretion is independent of age and sex in adults

Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Sripanyakorn, Supannee; Powell, Jonathan J.

doi:10.1017/s0007114513000184

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fasting serum Si levels in this study, before and after supplementation with MMST, were variable, but baseline levels were comparable to what we have previously observed for pre-menopausal women [34]. A few baseline samples were below the LOQ, but this is not unusual for this population and probably reflects either the ethnic diversity of the group with their different dietary Si exposure [2,35] and/or differences in circulating hormonal levels that could, in theory, impact upon serum and tissue Si levels, although further work is required to confirm this [34,36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A few baseline samples were below the LOQ, but this is not unusual for this population and probably reflects either the ethnic diversity of the group with their different dietary Si exposure [2,35] and/or differences in circulating hormonal levels that could, in theory, impact upon serum and tissue Si levels, although further work is required to confirm this [34,36]. Even with this variable Si baseline, MMST supplementation significantly increased fasting serum Si level above baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The silicon supplement ‘Monomethylsilanetriol’ is safe and increases the body pool of silicon in healthy Pre-menopausal women

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMonomethylsilanetriol (MMST) has been used for decades as an oral silicon supplement for bone and connective tissue health, although there are no formal data on its in vivo utilisation or safety following sustained dosing.MethodsTo investigate whether MMST contributes to the body pool of silicon and, secondly, to establish its safety following 4 weeks’ supplementation in humans, twenty-two healthy pre-menopausal women (22–38 years) were recruited and supplemented with MMST at the maximum daily recommended dose (10.5 mg Si/day) for 4 weeks in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over design (i.e. 8 weeks in total). Fasting serum and urine samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the 4-week supplementation/placebo periods for analysis of total silicon by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, MMST by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and full serum biochemistry. Participants also reported on, by questionnaire, their health, well-being and quality of life at 0, 4 and 8 weeks.ResultsOverall, 4-weeks supplementation with MMST significantly increased total fasting Si concentrations in serum and urine (P ≤ 0.003; paired t-test). MMST was semi-quantifiable in serum and quantifiable in urine, but only accounted for ca. 50% and 10%, respectively, of the increased total-Si concentration. There were no reported adverse effects (i.e. changes to health and well-being) or serum biochemical changes with MMST versus placebo.ConclusionsOur data indicate that oral MMST is safe, is absorbed and undergoes sufficient metabolism in vivo to raise fasting serum silicon levels, consistent with other well absorbed forms of dietary silicon (e.g. orthosilicic acid). It thus appears to be a suitable silicon supplement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The silicon supplement ‘Monomethylsilanetriol’ is safe and increases the body pool of silicon in healthy Pre-menopausal women

et al. 2013

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“…This indicates that the dissolved silica content in the feed mixtures in the intestine was ~15-20 wt% or possibly even slightly lower. Gastrointestinal silicic acid absorption is reported to be variable, but it is around 40 to 50%, depending on the food that contains silicic acid [33-35]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-chronic toxicity study in rats orally exposed to nanostructured silica

Zande

Vandebriel

Groot

et al. 2014

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

167

148

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BackgroundSynthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS) is commonly used in food and drugs. Recently, a consumer intake of silica from food was estimated at 9.4 mg/kg bw/day, of which 1.8 mg/kg bw/day was estimated to be in the nano-size range. Food products containing SAS have been shown to contain silica in the nanometer size range (i.e. 5 – 200 nm) up to 43% of the total silica content. Concerns have been raised about the possible adverse effects of chronic exposure to nanostructured silica.MethodsRats were orally exposed to 100, 1000 or 2500 mg/kg bw/day of SAS, or to 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day of NM-202 (a representative nanostructured silica for OECD testing) for 28 days, or to the highest dose of SAS or NM-202 for 84 days.ResultsSAS and NM-202 were extensively characterized as pristine materials, but also in the feed matrix and gut content of the animals, and after in vitro digestion. The latter indicated that the intestinal content of the mid/high-dose groups had stronger gel-like properties than the low-dose groups, implying low gelation and high bioaccessibility of silica in the human intestine at realistic consumer exposure levels. Exposure to SAS or NM-202 did not result in clearly elevated tissue silica levels after 28-days of exposure. However, after 84-days of exposure to SAS, but not to NM-202, silica accumulated in the spleen. Biochemical and immunological markers in blood and isolated cells did not indicate toxicity, but histopathological analysis, showed an increased incidence of liver fibrosis after 84-days of exposure, which only reached significance in the NM-202 treated animals. This observation was accompanied by a moderate, but significant increase in the expression of fibrosis-related genes in liver samples.ConclusionsAlthough only few adverse effects were observed, additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the biological relevance of observed fibrosis in liver and possible accumulation of silica in the spleen in the NM-202 and SAS exposed animals respectively. In these studies, dose-effect relations should be studied at lower dosages, more representative of the current exposure of consumers, since only the highest dosages were used for the present 84-day exposure study.

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“…A significant relationship between energyadjusted dietary intake of silicon and bone mineral density of the femoral neck was found only in oestrogen-replete females, whereas in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) such marked associations were not observed [25]. Similarly, having compared the connections between silicon intake with diet and bone mineral density in different study groups, (premenopausal women, postmenopausal women with or without HRT, as well as men) Jugdaohsingh et al suggested the involvement of oestradiol in the Si utilization at the cellular level [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An association has been found between dietary silicon and bone condition in humans [28]. Moreover, the associations between silicon metabolism and female hormones have been investigated and relationships of Si bone metabolism with oestrogen status revealed [25,29]; however, other authors did not find any correlations of its absorption and excretion with oestradiol [30]. Additionally, the differences between the male and female studied groups regarding the beneficial influence of silicon preparation treatment in knee OA patients have been reported [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations among plasma silicon, magnesium and calcium in patients with knee osteoarthritis – analysis in consideration of gender

Musik

Kurzepa

Luchowska-Kocot

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. Osteoarthrits (OA) is a complex, chronic disorder of cartilage and bone, related to homeostasis of bioelements. The current study aimed at evaluation of correlations between plasma silicon, magnesium and ionized calcium in OA patients in consideration to gender. Materials and method. The study comprised 59 patients aged 69.5±9.0 years (18 males aged 66.8±9.2; 41 females aged 70.7±8.8), admitted to the Trauma and Orthopaedic Ward of the Independent Public Health Care Centre in Łęczna, Poland, due to OA and qualified to surgery. Control group consisted of 19 subjects without OA (54.5±8.6 years; 10 males aged 41.3±9.3; 9 females aged 69.1±14.9). Plasma concentrations of silicon and magnesium (spectrophotometric methods) and ionized calcium (potentiometric method) were determined. Results. Silicon in OA patients was significantly increased vs. control. In OA males and OA females, silicon was enhanced vs. the respective controls, but it was statistically significant only in males. Magnesium in OA patients was not significantly different from control group. In females, a significant decrease vs. the respective control was observed. No significant differences were observed in the case of ionized calcium. Positive correlations between silicon and magnesium in healthy control, both in the whole group and in male and female subgroups, were noted, while no such effect was observed in OA subjects. Conclusions. The results might suggest some connection between higher OA incidence in women and the depleted magnesium in the organism. Silicon increase in OA patients, especially in men, may indicate its intense metabolism during the articular inflammatory process, likely dependent on sex hormones. It remains open whether the plasma Si increase is the effect or cause of OA.

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Silicon absorption and excretion is independent of age and sex in adults

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

The silicon supplement ‘Monomethylsilanetriol’ is safe and increases the body pool of silicon in healthy Pre-menopausal women

The silicon supplement ‘Monomethylsilanetriol’ is safe and increases the body pool of silicon in healthy Pre-menopausal women

Sub-chronic toxicity study in rats orally exposed to nanostructured silica

Correlations among plasma silicon, magnesium and calcium in patients with knee osteoarthritis – analysis in consideration of gender

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