Brote de histoplasmosis en la provincia de Neuquén, Patagonia Argentina

Calanni, Liliana; Pérez, Rufina Ana; Brasili, Susana; Schmidt, Norma Graciela; Iovannitti, C.; Zuiani, María Fernanda; Negroni, Ricardo; Finquelievich, J. L.; Canteros, Cristina Elena

doi:10.1016/j.riam.2012.12.007

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…High incidence of human Histoplasma infection has been reported mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas. However, the true disease range is likely larger, as this mycosis has also been found in Canada and in the Patagonia desert in Argentina 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Damasceno¹,

Teixeira

Barker

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Histoplasmosis is a worldwide-distributed deep mycosis that affects healthy and immunocompromised hosts. Severe and disseminated disease is especially common in HIV-infected patients. At least 11 phylogenetic species are recognized and the majority of diversity is found in Latin America. The northeastern region of Brazil has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in Latin America and Ceará State has one of the highest death rates due to histoplasmosis in the world, where the mortality rate varies between 33–42%. The phylogenetic distribution and population genetic structure of 51 clinical isolates from Northeast Brazil was studied. For that morphological characteristics, exoantigens profile, and fungal mating types were evaluated. The genotypes were deduced by a MSLT in order to define local population structure of this fungal pathogen. In addition, the relationships of H . capsulatum genotypes with clinically relevant phenotypes and clinical aspects were investigated. The results suggest two cryptic species, herein named population Northeast BR1 and population Northeast BR2. These populations are recombining, exhibit a high level of haplotype diversity, and contain different ratios of mating types MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 . However, differences in phenotypes or clinical aspects were not observed within these new cryptic species. A HIV patient can be co-infected by two or more genotypes from Northeast BR1 and/or Northeast BR2, which may have significant impact on disease progression due to the impaired immune response. We hypothesize that co-infections could be the result of multiple exposure events and may indicate higher risk of disseminated histoplasmosis, especially in HIV infected patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Damasceno¹,

Teixeira

Barker

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…A large part of the country’s population is concentrated in this area. Several outbreaks have also been described in the country [ 45 , 46 ]. AIDS patients account for about 90% of documented cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Argentina

Riera

Caeiro

Denning

2018

JoF

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The number of fungal infections at any given time in Argentina is not known. Here we estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Argentina for the first time. Specific population statistics were searched from multiple sources, local literature was identified, and estimates made. Some additional data were sourced from the Ministry of Health, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) program, and national haematology and transplant societies. Argentina has a population of 43.8 million, with 25% of this total being children under 15 years. The predicted candidemia annual incidence is 2193 cases, with 50% occurring in the ICU. At a 6% prevalence rate, an estimated 593,695 women suffer from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Invasive aspergillosis is relatively common because of high smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rates, with 268 cases in immunocompromised patients and another 1938 in the 168,000 COPD patients admitted to hospital. Asthma is also common, affecting 14% of adults, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) are major problems. An estimated 432 cases of cryptococcal meningitis (CM)—90% of them in AIDS patients—and 1177 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) occur each year. The estimated annual case number of disseminated histoplasmosis is 404 in AIDS patients, almost as frequent as CM. Paracoccidioidomycosis annual incidence is estimated at 219, and coccidioidomycosis at 16 cases. At least 881,023 people (>2.01%) in Argentina are affected by a serious fungal disease annually, with considerable morbidity and mortality.

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“…There are eight genetic populations of H. capsulatum distributed worldwide [ 65 ], between the latitudes 54° North [ 66 ] and 38° South [ 67 ], suggesting a broad geographic dispersion of the pathogen. H. capsulatum has been found in ecological niches with special conditions: air and soil temperatures (18–28°C), humidity (>60%), and darkness (fosters sporulation).…”

Section: H Capsulatum Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections due to C. neoformans , H. capsulatum , or C. immitis can occur in healthcare settings if the nearby ground is disturbed and a malfunction of the facility's air-intake components allows these pathogens to enter the hospital ventilation system [ 9 ]. Several outbreaks of histoplasmosis have been associated with disruption of the environment [ 67 , 72 , 154 ]. H. capsulatum contaminated environments related to bat and bird colonies living in abandoned buildings and on treetops could disperse the fungus around the hospital.…”

Section: Fungal Respiratory Infections In the Hospital Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

CouldHistoplasma capsulatumBe Related to Healthcare-Associated Infections?

Carreto-Binaghi

Damasceno

Pitangui

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are described in diverse settings. The main etiologic agents of HAI are bacteria (85%) and fungi (13%). Some factors increase the risk for HAI, particularly the use of medical devices; patients with severe cuts, wounds, and burns; stays in the intensive care unit, surgery, and hospital reconstruction works. Several fungal HAI are caused by Candida spp., usually from an endogenous source; however, cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers or contaminated devices can occur. Although other medically important fungi, such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Histoplasma capsulatum, have never been considered nosocomial pathogens, there are some factors that point out the pros and cons for this possibility. Among these fungi, H. capsulatum infection has been linked to different medical devices and surgery implants. The filamentous form of H. capsulatum may be present in hospital settings, as this fungus adapts to different types of climates and has great dispersion ability. Although conventional pathogen identification techniques have never identified H. capsulatum in the hospital environment, molecular biology procedures could be useful in this setting. More research on H. capsulatum as a HAI etiologic agent is needed, since it causes a severe and often fatal disease in immunocompromised patients.

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Brote de histoplasmosis en la provincia de Neuquén, Patagonia Argentina

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Argentina

CouldHistoplasma capsulatumBe Related to Healthcare-Associated Infections?

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