Rutile-type (Ti,Sn)O2 nanorods as efficient anode materials toward its lithium storage capabilities

Abstract

A series of rutile-type (Ti,Sn)O2 solid solutions with nanorod architecture were successfully synthesized in this study by varying their calcination temperatures of tin-modified titanium dioxide (Sn/TiO2) nanocomposites under a nitrogen atmosphere. During the delithiation process, the (Ti,Sn)O2 nanorods obtained at 500 °C delivered a specific capacity of about 300 mA h g(-1) and showed minimal capacity fading even at a high current density of 3 A g(-1).

Ternary Sn–Ti–O Based Nanostructures as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…Sn‐dopant concentrations as well as their morphological and structural characteristics are all important for their electrochemical properties. Chang's group reported the synthesis of rutile‐type (Ti, Sn)O 2 nanorods by varying the calcination temperatures of tin‐modified titanium dioxide (Sn/TiO 2 ) nanocomposites under a nitrogen atmosphere . To make Sn/TiO 2 , commercial needle‐like rutile TiO 2 powder was dispersed in an aqueous precursor solution of Sn(BF 4 ) 2 , followed by addition of Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O and HBF 4 as the reducing agents.…”

Nano-Sn doped carbon-coated rutile TiO2spheres as a high capacity anode for Li-ion battery

“…4,5 Compared to anatase or brookite TiO 2 , rutile TiO 2 experiences less volume change during the charge-discharge process, which is benecial for cells' life. 6,7 However, the disadvantages of rutile TiO 2 are its low theoretical capacity (168 mA h g À1 ) and electronic conductivity (3.65 Â 10 À15 cm S À1 at 25 C). 8,9 The most common strategy to improve the capacity of rutile TiO 2 -based anode is doping by some high capacity materials, such as SnO 2 , 10,11 Sb, 12 Sn, 13,14 whose theoretical capacities reach 782, 660 and 991 mA h g À1 , respectively.…”

Urchin-like MoP Nanocrystals Embedded in N-Doped Carbon as High Rate Lithium Ion Battery Anode

“…MoP@C electrode exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 1080 mAhg –1 and charge capacity 621 mAhg –1 , with a corresponding Columbic efficiency (CE) of 58%. The relatively low initial CE is still a challenge for almost all alloy or conversion type anodes (e.g., Si, sulfides, fluorides, oxides, and phosphides), which is associated with the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation. ,, After several cycles, the CE is up to ∼99.8%, which can be attributed to the uniform distribution of MoP nanocrystals into the N-doped carbon matrix, preventing MoP from further reactions with the electrolyte. It is worth noting that beyond the first cycle, the discharge and charge profiles almost overlap for subsequent cycles, indicating a superior cycling stability after the activation in the first cycle.…”