Posterior tibial tendoscopy: Description of an accessory proximal portal and assessment of tendon vascularization lesion according to portal

Functional Outcomes of Tibialis Posterior Tendoscopy With Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…While there are no studies directly comparing tendoscopy with open treatment, a number of case series reported the results of a tendoscopic approach to treating early TPT dysfunction. 3,4,10,13,17,20,22 Early reports by van Dijk et al 22 and Bulstra et al 3 demonstrated clinical success with various procedures using tendoscopy and reporting high patient satisfaction. van Dijk et al found no complications in 16 patients who underwent TPT tendoscopy for diagnostic investigation.…”

“…This proximal portal was placed 2.0 to 4.0 cm proximal to the posterior edge of the medial malleolus ( Figure 3). When required for adequate access to the pathologic area of the tendon, a third more proximal portal, as described by Roussignol et al, 20 was used. This portal was placed 7.0 cm proximal to the medial malleolus, again directly over the TPT (Figure 4).…”

Posterior Tibial Tendoscopy: Endoscopic Synovectomy and Assessment of the Spring (Calcaneonavicular) Ligament

“…Recently, endoscopic synovectomy and tendon reconstruction have been reported. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Although the posterior tibial tendon is the main dynamic stabilizer of the hindfoot, the static stabilizer of the arch provides the most support, especially while a person is standing. 4 Compromise of the SL has been implicated as a primary causative factor in peritalar subluxation.…”

Endoscopic adhesiolysis for extensive tibialis posterior tendon and Achilles tendon adhesions following compound tendon rupture

“…Antegrade exploration (arthroscopic instrument pointing proximally) was usually more favourable than retrograde exploration (arthroscopic instrument pointing distally), in case of tibialis posterior tendon tendoscopic lysis. A cadaveric study of an accessory proximal portal of posterior tibial tendoscopy has concluded complete tibialis posterior tendon exploration with the portal 8. However, in vivo, the mobility freedom of the shaver through the proximal portal will be hindered by the calf muscle and the tibia during retrograde exploration and the medial and posterior part of the tibialis posterior tendon sheath is difficult to be reached.…”