Detection of Aichi virus with antibody targeting of conserved viral protein 1 epitope

Dengue virus types 1-4 (DENV-1-4) are positive-strand RNA viruses with an envelope that belongs to the Flaviviridae. DENV infection threatens human health worldwide. However, other than supportive treatments, no specific therapy is available for the infection. In order to discover novel medicine against DENV, we tested 59 crude extracts, without cytotoxicity, from 23 plants in vitro; immunofluorescence assay revealed that the methanol extracts of fruit, heartwood, leaves and stem from Ficus septica Burm. f. had a promising anti-DENV-1 and DENV-2 effect. However, infection with the non-envelope picornavirus, Aichi virus, was not inhibited by treatment with F. septica extracts. F. septica may be a candidate antiviral drug against an enveloped virus such as DENV.

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Section: Virus and Cell Linementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunofluorescence assay was conducted to determine the DENV and AiV infectivity as we previously described (Chen et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015). In brief, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, then permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 10 min.…”

Section: Immunofluorescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficus septicaplant extracts for treating Dengue virusin vitro

Huang

Hung

Tsai

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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“…The viruses were propagated in mosquito cell line C6/36 (ATCC: CRL-1660) grown in RPMI 1640 medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The human Aichi virus (AiV) was isolated from a newborn with diarrhea in Taiwan and propagated in Vero cells (ATCC: CCL-81) (Chen et al, 2013). Vero cell, A549 human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (ATCC: CCL-185) and Huh7.5 human hematoma cells (ATCC ® PTA-8561 ™ ) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher).…”

Section: Virus and Cell Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunofluorescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Ficus septica plant extracts for treating Dengue virus in vitro (v0.1)"

2017

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Dengue virus type 1-4 (DENV-1-4) are positive-strand RNA viruses with an envelope that belong to the Flaviviridae. DENV infection threatens human health worldwide. However, other than supportive treatments, no specific therapy is available for the infection. To discover novel medicine against DENV, we tested 59 crude extracts, without cytotoxicity, from 23 plants in vitro; immunofluorescence assay revealed that the methanol extracts of fruit, heartwood, leaves and stem from Ficus septica Burm. f. had a promising anti-DENV-1 and DENV-2 effect. However, infection with the non-envelope picornavirus, Aichi virus, was not inhibited by treatment with F. septica extracts. F. septica may be a candidate antiviral drug against an enveloped virus such as DENV.

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“…One of the mechanisms is that RIG-I or MDA5 binds with dsRNA and then transfers signals to the mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) for activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7 or NFκB, leading to type I IFN expression 6 . Virologic analysis revealed that various cell types were susceptible to AiV infection, and the IFN against the AiV was also demonstrated 7 ; however, the pathogenicity mechanism of AiV remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aichi virus 3C protease modulates LC3- and SQSTM1/p62-involved antiviral response

2020

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Rationale: Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process by which cells break down their own components, it also contributes to restricting bacterial infection in host defense systems; yet, how autophagy regulates viral infection remains inconclusive. Aichi virus (AiV), belonging to the genus Kobuvirus in the Picornaviridae family, causes acute gastroenteritis in human. The role of autophagy-mediated anti-viral activity on AiV infection was investigated in this study. Methods: The effect of autophagy-associated molecules in retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) antiviral signal axis was analyzed in AiV infected cells by using biochemistry and pharmacologic approaches. In addition, the AiV viral protein regulating autophagy-associated RLR activity was also evaluated. Results : In AiV-infected cells, autophagic flux including the formation of autophagic vacuoles, as well as degradation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) were observed. Ectopic overexpression of LC3 and p62, but not Atg proteins, contributed to RLR antiviral signal axis, shRNA knockdown of LC3 and p62 led to a downregulation of antiviral inflammation. Moreover, AiV infection inhibited double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated RLR activity by the viral protein 3C protease but not H42D, C143S protease dead mutants. AiV 3C protease caused the degradation of LC3 and p62, and also RLR signal proteins. Conclusion: This study reveals a possible mechanism of autophagy-associated proteins regulating virus replication. Maintaining a cellular level of LC3 and p62 during the viral infection period might help restrict virus replication. Although, AiV 3C protease dampens the LC3 and p62-mediated host antiviral machinery for AiV replication. Results obtained provide a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AiV for developing methods of prevention and treatment.

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Detection of Aichi virus with antibody targeting of conserved viral protein 1 epitope

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Ficus septicaplant extracts for treating Dengue virusin vitro

Ficus septicaplant extracts for treating Dengue virusin vitro

Peer Review #2 of "Ficus septica plant extracts for treating Dengue virus in vitro (v0.1)"

Aichi virus 3C protease modulates LC3- and SQSTM1/p62-involved antiviral response

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