Growth performance, diet nutrient digestibility, and bone mineralization in weaned pigs fed pelleted diets containing thermostable phytase1

Abstract

Traditional supplemental dietary phytase loses activity during steam pelleting. The thermal tolerance and bioefficacy of a phytase product with a thermoprotective coating [coated phytase (C-phytase)] was compared in mash and pelleted diets to a traditional, uncoated phytase (U-phytase) added to a negative control (NC) diet, formulated with reduced dietary Ca and P, and compared with a corn-soybean meal based positive control (POC) diet. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and third metacarpal bone characteristics were response variables. Weaned pigs (n = 56; 8.20 ± 0.5 kg initial BW; 28 d of age) were individually housed and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 diets for 21 d. The diets were 1) POC mash, 2) NC mash, 3) NC pelleted at 90°C, 4) NC mash + 500 U/kg U-phytase, 5) NC mash + 500 U/kg C-phytase, 6) NC + 500 U/kg C-phytase pelleted at 80°C, and 7) NC + 500 U/kg C-phytase pelleted at 90°C. The POC and NC diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isolysinic. The content of Ca and available P was 1.01 and 0.40% and 0.83 and 0.22% in the POC and NC diets, respectively. Pig BW and feed intake were measured on d 7, 14, and 21, and feces were collected for 2 d. On d 21, pigs were killed and ileal digesta and the third metacarpal bone collected. Pigs fed POC had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, P digestibility, and bone mineralization but lower (P < 0.01) energy digestibility than pigs fed NC. Pelleting the NC diet did not improve performance, nutrient digestibility, or P use. Adding the U-phytase to NC mash diet increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and Ile, Leu, Phe, Thr, Val, and Ser, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P compared with pigs fed NC. Pigs fed C-phytase in NC mash diets had increased (P < 0.05) G:F and an AID of CP and AA and ATTD of P compared with pigs fed NC but not different than pigs fed U-phytase NC mash diets. Pigs fed pelleted NC diet with C-phytase had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of P and energy than pigs fed mash NC diet with C-phytase but had similar growth performance, AID of CP and AA, and bone mineralization to pigs fed U-phytase. In conclusion, release and bioefficacy of phytase after pelleting was not affected by the thermal protective coating.

Lactic Acid Treatment of Cereals and Dietary Phytase Modified Fecal Microbiome Composition Without Affecting Expression of Virulence Factor Genes in Growing Pigs

“…As phytate-P cannot be hydrolyzed by mammalian enzymes (Cowieson et al, 2017), different strategies are applied to enhance the dietary P availability and consequently prevent P deficiencies in pigs, mainly dietary supplementation of phytase (Metzler-Zebeli et al, 2010) or (less frequently used) soaking and fermentation of cereals (Blaabjerg et al, 2011, 2012). However, the efficacy of exogenous phytase addition may be lower due to animal (e.g., gastrointestinal pH, digesta passage rate), and feed-related factors (e.g., dietary buffering capacity and pelleting temperature) (Blaabjerg et al, 2011, 2012; Kebreab et al, 2012; Yáñez et al, 2013). For this reason, feed-technological approaches (e.g., soaking and fermentation) that enhance the phytate-P availability in cereal grains prior to feeding to the animals have received more attention lately.…”

Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

“…However, adding appropriate carbohydrases has been shown to reduce the anti-nutrient effects of NSP in young pigs (Cadogan et al 2003;Zijlstra et al 2004;Kiarie et al 2007). It is also well documented that phytase supplementation to a P-deficient diet results in increased growth performance of pigs (Cromwell et al 1993;Han et al 1997;Yáñez et al 2014) and utilization of Ca and P (Adeola 1995;Olukosi et al 2007;Yáñez et al 2014). Carbohydrase addition to a diet high in NSP can lead to increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (Hübener et al 2002) and a reduction in ammonia production (Kiarie et al 2007), creating a condition that is favourable for the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibiting the proliferation of harmful or pathogenic bacteria in the gut (Pluske et al 2001).…”

Productive performance of commercial growing and finishing pigs supplemented with a Buttiauxella phytase as a total replacement of inorganic phosphate

“…Phytase can not only breakdown phytate and increase the availability of phytate P, but also reduce the negative impacts of phytate on digestion of other nutrients such as amino acids and energy ( Selle et al., 2012 ). In weaned piglets, it has previously been reported that supplementation of an E. coli phytase increased ADG, apparent ileal digestibility of CP and amino acids compared with pigs fed a NC diet ( Yáñez et al., 2013 ). In other studies, using Buttiauxella phytase, it has been reported that supplementation with this enzyme improved energy and amino acids digestibility in piglets ( Zeng et al., 2015 ), grower pigs ( Adedokun et al., 2015 , Lizardo et al., 2015 ) and in broilers ( Amerah et al., 2014 ).…”