Household-level risk factors for Newcastle disease seropositivity and incidence of Newcastle disease virus exposure in backyard chicken flocks in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Understanding the poultry trade network in Kenya: Implications for regional disease prevention and control

“…Because of these trade patterns, backyard farmers' poultry flocks are probably less susceptible to the introduction of new pathogens coming from other regions via trade. A study of Newcastle disease in village chickens in Ethiopia revealed that the odds of seropositivity were lower where new birds were hatched at home, as opposed to purchasing or receiving replacement birds (Chaka et al, 2013). An important threat of disease spread to backyard birds might be exposure to wild birds; most farmers in our study let their poultry roam free, and reported seeing wild birds frequently on their property.…”

Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus in backyard chickens and herd-level risk factors of Newcastle disease in poultry farms in Oman

“…Moreover, in Oman, the ambient temperature is relatively high all year round which further supports ND occurrence in chickens as consequent of immunosuppression following heat stress [20]. In comparison with other studies, lower seroprevalence rates were reported in the studies conducted in Ivory Coast [21], Ethiopia [17] and Nigeria [22]. The difference might be related to species and age of birds, geographical locations, seasonal changes, diagnostic techniques, climatic conditions, and farming practices [12], [19].…”

“…However, the sampled flocks lacked any history of vaccination against NDV. Moreover, backyard poultry has been recognized to be highly predisposed to ND attributed to poor biosecurity measures [17], [18]. Accordingly, the sampled flocks were characterized with inefficient facilities for adequate prevention against ND.…”

Biosecurity Strategies for Backyard Poultry: A Controlled Way for Safe Food Production

“…The serosurveillance study in backyard chicken in Côte d'Ivoire detected the presence of low pathogenic H5 and H7 strains (Couacy-Hymann et al, 2012). A serosurveillance study of AIV in Ethiopia showed positive correlation between smaller backyard flock size and the presence of viral antibody (Chaka et al, 2013). Furthermore, in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon), evidence of AIV was detected in chickens, ducks, songbirds, and kingfishers (Fuller et al, 2015).…”