Low performance in attention testing is associated with reduced grey matter density of the left inferior frontal gyrus in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Leyhe, Thomas; Ethofer, Thomas; Bretscher, Johannes; Künle, Andreas; Klein, Reinhild; Gallwitz, Baptist; Häring, Hans‐Ulrich; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Klingberg, Stefan; Saur, Ralf; Müssig, Karsten

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.007

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Neuroimaging data of euthyroid HT patients, even those without psychiatric symptoms, reveals cerebral perfusion impairments, particularly in the frontal cortex [ 10 ], a key brain region for the control of emotional behaviors [ 11 ]. In line with this, another imaging study showed decreased gray matter density in the left inferior frontal gyrus in these patients [ 12 ]. In addition, a severe neuropsychiatric disorder independent of thyroid status has been described to exceptionally target patients suffering with HT [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis induces neuroinflammation and emotional alterations in euthyroid mice

Cai

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundAlthough studies have reported an increased risk for mood disorders in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients even in the euthyroid state, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Neuroinflammation may play a key role in the etiology of mood disorders in humans and behavioral disturbances in rodents. Therefore, this study established a euthyroid HT model in mice and investigated whether HT itself was capable of triggering neuroinflammation accompanied by emotional alterations.MethodsExperimental HT was induced by immunizing NOD mice with thyroglobulin and adjuvant twice. Four weeks after the last challenge, mice were tested for anxiety-like behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests and depression-like behavior in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Then, animals were sacrificed for thyroid-related parameter measure as well as detection of cellular and molecular events associated with neuroinflammation. The changes in components of central serotonin signaling were also investigated.ResultsHT mice showed intrathyroidal monocyte infiltration and rising serum thyroid autoantibody levels accompanied by normal thyroid function, which defines euthyroid HT in humans. These mice displayed more anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors than controls. HT mice further showed microglia and astrocyte activation in the frontal cortex detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These observations were also accompanied by enhanced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the frontal cortex. Despite this inflammatory response, no signs of neuronal apoptosis were visible by the TUNEL staining and TEM in the frontal cortex of HT mice. Additionally, IDO1 and SERT, key serotonin-system-related genes activated by proinflammatory cytokines, were upregulated in HT mice, accompanied by reduced frontal cortex serotonin levels.ConclusionsOur results are the first to suggest that HT induces neuroinflammation and alters related serotonin signaling in the euthyroid state, which may underlie the deleterious effects of HT itself on emotional function.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis induces neuroinflammation and emotional alterations in euthyroid mice

Cai

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

J Neuroinflammation

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“…There is obviously a ceiling effect, which prevents further increase of theta power after reaching a physiologically limited maximum. Interestingly, low performance in attention testing was reported to be associated with reduced grey matter density of the left inferior frontal gyrus [37]. In demented patients under the condition of mental load, theta changes were related to the MMS questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Neurophysiological Biomarker of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Dimpfel¹

2014

AAD

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Mild cognitive impairment is sometimes regarded as related to aging. However, statistically every second case turns into full dementia, which still is resistant to any treatment. It is therefore desirable to recognize deviations from normality as early as possible. This might be feasible by using quantitative EEG analysis in the presence of mental work. The present retrospective data analysis revealed a new quantitative biomarker indicating the degree of impairment. Current source density was calculated from 16 channel EEG using CATEEM ® software. Four different conditions were analyzed: relaxed state, performing a d2-concentration test, a calculation performance test and a memory test for 5 min each. Subjects older than 40 years were divided into two groups according to their DemTect score: 13 -18 (HC; n = 44) or 8 -12 (MCI; n = 45). Spectral power was chopped into six frequency ranges (delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2). Average spectral power was enhanced in the MCI group in comparison to healthy subjects with respect to delta (p = 0.05) during relaxed state when all electrode positions were regarded. With respect to EEG recording during performance of three different psychometric tests it was recognized that mainly spectral changes during performance of the d2-concentration test were related to mild cognitive impairment. With regard to all electrode positions statistically significantly lower spectral power values were reached during the d2-test for delta (p = 0.001), theta (p = 0.0001) and alpha 1 waves (p = 0.08) in impaired subjects in comparison to healthy subjects. Regarding regions of interest increases of delta and theta power were seen in the fronto-temporal brain during performance of the d2-concentration test. These increases disappeared when looking at MCI data. In the centro-parietal region decreases of alpha and beta 1 power emerged, which were even larger in MCI subjects. No MCI-dependent changes were observed in the other two tests. A correlation was found between psychometric performance of the d2-test and the DemTect score (r = 0.51). MCI subjects had statistically significant worse performance in all three mental challenges in comparison to healthy volunteers. It is concluded that MCI can be characterized at an early stage by EEG recording in the relaxed state. High spectral delta and theta power in general and specifically at fronto-

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“…Although HT is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine‐sufficient areas, HT can cause the entire spectrum of thyroid dysfunction . There is a subgroup of euthyroid cases with normal thyroid function and high titers of thyroid autoantibodies that do not require medication . However, some of these cases may become hypothyroid as they age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 There is a subgroup of euthyroid cases with normal thyroid function and high titers of thyroid autoantibodies that do not require medication. 5 However, some of these cases may become hypothyroid as they age. More rarely, HT can cause hyperthyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminatory value of carotid artery elasticity changes for the evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis

Feng

Zhao

Jiang

et al. 2016

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Low performance in attention testing is associated with reduced grey matter density of the left inferior frontal gyrus in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis induces neuroinflammation and emotional alterations in euthyroid mice

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis induces neuroinflammation and emotional alterations in euthyroid mice

Neurophysiological Biomarker of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Discriminatory value of carotid artery elasticity changes for the evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis

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