Automated three‐dimensional coded contrast imaging hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography: feasibility in office tubal patency testing

Abstract

Objective

Three-Dimensional Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography for the Assessment of Tubal Patency in Women with Infertility: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…One study using 2D-HyCoSy as reference standard was excluded because a 2 × 2 table could not be constructed [8]. Therefore, 9 studies were ultimately included in this systematic review [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. No additional studies were found from references cited in the papers included in the review.…”

Three- or four-dimensional hysterosalpingo contrast sonography for diagnosing tubal patency in infertile females: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…7 Compared with 2D HyCoSy, 3D HyCoSy requires less time, 36 avoids difficult probe movements and is less dependent on operator skill. 4,7,37 Automated 3D volume acquisition of the entire fallopian tube easily shows the course of the tube and image acquisition also permits storage and later analyses of captures. 7,38 However, because the 3D HyCoSy is a static imaging method, it cannot display the real-time process of contrast agent flow in fallopian tubes.…”

“…5 But, the cost of both the new machine and contrast medium is considerable in clinical practice. 37 This study systematically assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 3D/ 4D HyCoSy for detecting tubal patency in females suffering from infertility. No strong heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was observed.…”

The Use of a New Gel Foam for the Evaluation of Tubal Patency

“…A cheap but highly operator-dependent reported alternative for these products during HyCoSy is to use an alternated injection of water and air in the uterine cavity and to sonographically detect air bubbles around the ovary and free fluid in the cul-de-sac [11,12,13]. More recently, Exacoustos et al [13,14] introduced coded contrast imaging enabling the visualization of the fallopian tubes over their total length. However, coded contrast imaging requires special software and a second-generation contrast medium.…”