Brief background Cell-based therapy has been attracting public attention as one of the potential modern therapeutic approaches to treat various diseases that are untreatable by conventional medicine. Several decades of biomedical research using various types of cells, including stem cells, indicates that appropriate cells can be used to promote neurorestoration for diseases from neurotrauma, injury to neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence from numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that cell-mediated neurorestoration may act through relaying or triggering signals, replacing, repairing or protecting the lost or damaged neural cells, filling the injury gap or providing critical factors to modulate environment, immune-modulating, sprouting axons, promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis and enhance neurorestorative mechanisms [1−8]. In order to promote translation from bench-top preclinical research to bedside clinical practice, many issues need to be considered and solved. One of them is lack of international or professional cell culture standards and quality control for clinical using cells. The special issue reports the cell culture standards and quality control of common cell types in clinical application of Neurorestoratology, most of which is setup by Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology.