2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia

Schmidt, Robert H.

doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.669

Cited by 571 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Blood from 105 cats, 77 being stray cats and 38 from households from different districts of Maiduguri Metropolitan, Borno State was withdrawn by intravenous or intracardiac methods after intramuscular injection of animals with a Xylazine (1 mg/kg, Rompun)-Ketamine (10 mg/kg, Ketalar) combination as approved by the American Veterinary Medical Association Panel of Euthanasia and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Beaver et al 2001). Blood was allowed to clot, centrifuged.…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondii Seroprevalence Latex Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats in maiduguri, northeastern nigeria

Kamani

Mani

Kumshe

et al. 2010

Acta Parasitologica

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Cats play an important role in the spread of Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only animals that excrete resistant oocysts into the environment. Prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in cats in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria was determined using the latex agglutination test (LAT). Thirty eight cats (36.2%) were seropositive using a cut off point of 1:64 with antibody titer ranging from 1:64 to 1:1024. Seroprevalence was higher in older animals and stray cats. Age and ownership status of cats were identified as risk factors but not gender or area of capture.

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Section: Toxoplasma Gondii Seroprevalence Latex Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats in maiduguri, northeastern nigeria

Kamani

Mani

Kumshe

et al. 2010

Acta Parasitologica

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“…Four pigs from each group were sedated by an intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital and then euthanized by electrocution at 3, 7, 10 and 14 dpc, as previously described (15). Tissue samples were collected from each pig at necropsy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Commercial Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Modified Live Vaccines against Heterologous Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV Challenge in Growing Pigs

Kim

Park

Choi

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of two commercial type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live vaccines against heterologous type 1 and type 2 PRRSV challenge in growing pigs. Vaccination with a type 1 PRRSV vaccine reduced the level of viremia after type 1 PRRSV challenge but did not reduce the level of viremia after the type 2 PRRSV challenge in pigs. Increased levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) stimulated by type 2 PRRSV coincided with the low numbers of type 2 PRRSV-specific interferon gamma-secreting cells (IFN-␥-SC) in vaccinated pigs after type 2 PRRSV challenge, whereas low levels of IL-10 stimulated by type 1 PRRSV coincided with high numbers of type 1 PRRSV-specific IFN-␥-SC in vaccinated pigs after type 1 PRRSV challenge. Additionally, vaccination with the type 1 PRRSV vaccine effectively reduced the lung lesions and type 1 PRRSV nucleic acids in type 1 PRRSV-challenged pigs but did not reduce lung lesions and type 2 PRRSV nucleic acids in type 2 PRRSV-challenged pigs. There were no significant differences between two commercial type 1 PRRSV vaccines against type 1 and type 2 PRRSV challenge based on virological results, immunological responses, and pathological outcomes. This study demonstrates that vaccinating pigs with the type 1 PRRSV vaccine provides partial protection against respiratory disease with heterologous type 1 PRRSV challenge but no protection with heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge. P orcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is one of the most economically devastating diseases facing pig production worldwide. The infection of growing pigs with PRRSV causes severe respiratory diseases, leading to impaired growth in postweaned and growing pigs (1). The virus can also give rise to reproductive failure in sows (1). PRRSV is a small, positive-sense, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae in the order Nidovirales (2). PRRSV is classified into type 1 (European) and type 2 (North American) genotypes based on the 3=-terminal structural genes or the entire genome (3, 4). Type 1 PRRSV is further divided into three subtypes: a pan-European subtype 1 and East European subtypes 2 and 3, with nucleocapsid protein sizes of 128, 125, and 124 amino acids, respectively (5).In South Korea, type 2 PRRSV was first isolated in 1994 (6). Until 2005, only type 2 PRRSV was detected in Korean swine herds (7,8 Since the first introduction of type 1 PRRSV vaccines, crossprotection is a major clinical issue because of the coexistence of the type 1 and type 2 PRRSVs in swine herds. Previous crossprotection studies have provided inconsistent results (11, 12). The Porcilis PRRS vaccine (MSD Animal Health) provides no protection against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge (11), whereas the Amervac PRRS vaccine (Hipra) provides partial protection against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge (12). However, a comparison of two commercial type 1 PRRSV-based modified live vaccines a...

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“…23,24 For the pig study, an adult 29.5 kg female Ossabaw miniature swine was anesthetized using 2.5–3.5% isoflurane, and the optical fiber was inserted through a central venous catheter placed in the external jugular vein. Following determination of background fluorescence, 5 ml of 350 mg iodine per ml iohexol (Omnipaque, GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ) was injected as a bolus via a peripheral intravenous catheter, followed immediately by 5 ml of a fluorescent conjugate mixture containing 75 mg 5 kDa FITC-inulin (Sigma, St Louis, MO) and 75 mg 150 kDa Texas Red dextran (a gift from FAST, Indianapolis, IN).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable fiberoptic ratiometric fluorescence analyzer provides rapid point-of-care determination of glomerular filtration rate in large animals

Wang

Meier

Sandoval

et al. 2012

Kidney International

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Measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard for precise assessment of kidney function. A rapid, point-of-care determination of the GFR may provide advantages in the clinical setting over currently available assays. Here we demonstrate a proof of principle for such an approach in a pig and dogs, two species that approximate the vascular access and GFR results expected in humans. In both animal models, a sub-millimeter optical fiber that delivered excitation light and collected fluorescent emissions was inserted into a peripheral vein (dog) or central venous access (pig) by means of commercial intravenous catheters. A mixture of fluorescent chimeras of a small freely filterable reporter and large non-filterable plasma volume marker were infused as a bolus, excited by light-emitting diodes, and the in vivo signals detected and quantified by photomultiplier tubes in both species in less than 60 min. Concurrent standardized 6-h iohexol plasma kidney clearances validated the accuracy of our results for both physiologic and a chronic kidney disease setting. Thus, our ratiometric technique allows for both measurement of plasma vascular volume and highly accurate real-time GFR determinations, enabling clinical decision making in real time.

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2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia

Cited by 571 publications

References 89 publications

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats in maiduguri, northeastern nigeria

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats in maiduguri, northeastern nigeria

Comparison of Two Commercial Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Modified Live Vaccines against Heterologous Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV Challenge in Growing Pigs

A portable fiberoptic ratiometric fluorescence analyzer provides rapid point-of-care determination of glomerular filtration rate in large animals

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