200 years of success initiated by James Wardrop’s 1809 monograph on retinoblastoma

Kivelä, Tero

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01807.x

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood worldwide with a uniform incidence rate across population at 1 in 15000-20000 live birth corresponding to about 9000 new cases every year [1,2]. In the last 100 years significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of RB keeping the principles of Life, Globe & Vision salvage in order of priority [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma in Asia

Jain

Rojanaporn

Chawla

et al. 2018

Eye

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Asia-Pacific region bears a significant global burden of retinoblastoma (RB), therefore understanding RB in Asia-Pacific region is important. Based on the year 2013 population estimates, 43% (3452 of 8099 children) of the global burden of RB lives in 6 countries of Asia-Pacific region: 1486 children in India, 1103 children in China, 277 children in Indonesia, 260 children in Pakistan, 184 children in Bangladesh, 142 children in Philippines. There exists a wide disparity, technological and socio-economical, within countries in this region resulting in a varied pattern of clinical presentation and survival varies.Challenges in developing nations are not just technological, but also social. Opportunities emerge for research to study and understand the socio-economical aspects of the disease to develop interventions that are relevant culturally and feasible economically. Possible steps include disease education and counselling, universal screening, highly subsidized/free of cost treatment for low socioeconomic strata, raising funds through the government and non-governmental organizations, sensitization and training of man-power in screening, diagnosis and treatment, and developing new specialized centers with tele-ophthalmology services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma in Asia

Jain

Rojanaporn

Chawla

et al. 2018

Eye

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“…In 1809, a Scottish surgeon from Edinburgh, James Wardrop, published a monograph entitled "Observations on the fungus haematodes, or soft cancer, in several of the most important organs of the human body". His monograph included clinical histories of 15 children diagnosed with an intraocular tumor at the age of 1-6 years [2]. Dr. Wardrop described the tumors as "white in colour and brain-like in substance", and he concluded as well that they were of retinal origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma: Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Langevin¹,

Marr²

2019

Retinoblastoma - Past, Present and Future

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Retinoblastoma was initially described in a case series by Dr. James Wardrop in 1809. Since then, the evaluation and diagnosis of retinoblastoma has progressed significantly, thus providing a framework for successful therapy with up to 97% survival rate in developed nations. Here we outline the presentation, evaluation, and detailed diagnostic steps of any child presenting with signs and symptoms of retinoblastoma (RB). We detail the questions and pertinent history to obtain, describe in detail the examination under anesthesia, ancillary testing, and recommendations for both anesthesia and neuroimaging. We also cover the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma and the most common simulating lesions to present to an ophthalmologist. We describe the ways to determine if a patient has retinoblastoma or some simulating lesion, and the characteristics associated with each possibility. Finally, we briefly address genetic counseling and the next steps after diagnosis.

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“…Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, threatening vision and lives of the patients (Kivela ; Kivelä ; Bai et al. ; Bartuma et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lentivirus‐mediated astrocyte elevated gene‐1 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells

Bai

Chang

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) overexpression on the biological behaviour of human retinoblastoma (RB) cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: Three human RB cell lines (SO-RB50, Y79 and WERI-RB1) were infected with AEG-1-GFP recombinant lentiviral vectors to induce AEG-1 overexpression, while the cells infected with negative lentiviral vectors and cells without any intervention formed control groups. Results: All three RB cell lines showed an overexpression of AEG-1 after lentivirus infection (p < 0.001 for all three cell lines). The survival rate of RB cells increased (all p < 0.001) in the AEG-1 overexpressed groups when compared with the control groups. There was a decrease in G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest and an accumulation in G2/M cell cycle phase in all three RB cell lines (p < 0.001), with an induction in the S phase in WERI-RB1 cells. It was paralleled by a downregulation of p21 and p27 proteins and an upregulation of the Cdc2 protein. The apoptosis rate of RB cells declined (p < 0.001) when AEG-1 was overexpressed, in association with an upregulation of Bcl-2 protein and a downregulation of Bax protein and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Conclusions: A lentivirus-mediated AEG-1 overexpression in RB cells led in vitro to a growth promotion and an apoptosis inhibition of human RB cells, associated with an upregulation of the Bcl-2 protein, a downregulation of the Bax protein and of cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and with alterations of the cell cycle. AEG-1 may be involved in the development and progression of RB.

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200 years of success initiated by James Wardrop’s 1809 monograph on retinoblastoma

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Retinoblastoma in Asia

Retinoblastoma in Asia

Retinoblastoma: Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Effects of lentivirus‐mediated astrocyte elevated gene‐1 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells

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