200–280GHz CMOS RF front-end of transmitter for rotational spectroscopy

Sharma, Navneet; Zhong, Qishui; Chen, Z.; Choi, Wooyeol; McMillan, James P.; Neese, Christopher F.; Schueler, Robert; Medvedev, Ivan R.; Lucia, Francesco De

doi:10.1109/vlsit.2016.7573400

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Using the directivity to estimate the conversion gain by the Friis equation, we obtained an agreement with our on-wafer measurement results for the conversion gain. Note that the estimated directivity of 26.7 dBi is somewhat larger than the simulated one of 24.7 dBi, probably caused by the considered MIT [4] UTD [6], [8] JPL [11] Our previous work [30] This work approximations. Either way, our bowtie antenna with silicon lens reveals a considerably higher directivity (by about 15 dB) compared to the antennas implemented in the CMOS TX/RX system of MIT and to our previous systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Tables II and III compare the main parameters of the TX and RX in SiGe BiCMOS described above with those of a previous version [30], and with parameters of TX-and RXfront ends in 65 nm CMOS technology [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], and TX and RX in 28 nm CMOS [11], [12], which were developed for gas spectroscopy. We used only one antenna for the two frequency bands in the 222 -270 GHz range in our TX/RX, which allows an easier alignment of the TX and RX in the spectroscopy system setup compared to our previous TX-and RX-chips with two [30], and compared to the 10 antennas on a silicon lens developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a 220-320 GHz spectrometer has been described, which consists of a pair of 65 nm CMOS chips and utilizes two frequency-comb signals with ten equally spaced frequency tones to scan the spectrum [4], [5]. Furthermore, a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) in 65 nm CMOS have been reported [6], [7], [8], with gas spectroscopy results at 225 -255 GHz, [9]. They were compared to results obtained by a solid state multiplier TX and RX made by Virginia Diodes Inc. (VDI) using GaAs Schottky diodes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Band Transmitter and Receiver With Bowtie-Antenna in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS for Gas Spectroscopy at 222 - 270 GHz

Schmalz¹,

Rothbart

Gluck

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) with bowtie-antenna and silicon lens for gas spectroscopy at 222-270 GHz, which are fabricated in IHP's 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The TX and RX use two integrated local oscillators for 222 -256 GHz and 250 -270 GHz, which are switched for dual-band operation. Due to its directivity of about 27 dBi, the single integrated bowtie-antenna with silicon lens enables an EIRP of about 25 dBm for the TX, and therefore a considerably higher EIRP for the 2-band TX compared to previously reported systems. The double sideband noise temperature of the RX is 20,000 K (18.5 dB noise figure) as measured by the Y-factor method. Absorption spectroscopy of gaseous methanol is used as a measure for the performance of the gas spectroscopy system with TX-and RX-modules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Band Transmitter and Receiver With Bowtie-Antenna in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS for Gas Spectroscopy at 222 - 270 GHz

Schmalz¹,

Rothbart

Gluck

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…Possible further sensor technologies to be integrated are, e.g., gas sensors described further above, or Sharma's et al "electronic nose" which is based on the combination of rotational spectroscopy with a wireless EF CMOS transmitter for human breath ethanol detection. 281 These could be modified to food freshness monitoring. Interesting in this context is the work by Jedermann et al The authors studied conceptual requirements for sensor networks in shipped sea containers for food quality control, 315 which implicates that analytical chemists must obviously emphasize on the development of sensors exhibiting long-term stability, no required maintenance and autonomous operation.…”

Section: Sensing For Processed and Packaged Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Megatrend Challenging Analytical Chemistry: Biosensor and Chemosensor Concepts Ready for the Internet of Things

2019

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a megatrend that cuts across all scientific and engineering disciplines and establishes an integrating technical evolution to improve production efficiencies and daily human life. Linked machines and sensors use decision-making routines to work toward a common product or solution. Expanding this technical revolution into the value chain of complex areas such as agriculture, food production, and healthcare requires the implementation and connection of sophisticated (bio)analytical methods. Today, wearable sensors, monitors, and point-of-care diagnostic tests are part of our daily lives and improve patients’ medical progression or athletes’ monitoring capabilities that are already beyond imagination. Also, early contributions toward sensor networks and finally the IT revolution with wireless data collection and transmission via Bluetooth or smartphones have set the foundation to connect remote sensors and distributed analytical chemical services with centralized laboratories, cloud storage, and cloud computing. Here, we critically review those biosensor and chemosensor technologies and concepts used in an IoT setting or considered IoT-ready that were published in the period 2013–2018, while also pointing to those foundational concepts and ideas that arose over the last two decades. We focus on these sensors due to their unique ability to be remotely stationed and that easily function in networks and have made the greatest progress toward IoT integration. Finally, we highlight requirements and existing and future challenges and provide possible solutions important toward the vision of a seamless integration into a global analytical concept, which includes many more analytical techniques than sensors and includes foremost next-generation sequencing and separation principles coupled with MS detection.

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“…Recently, several stabilized THz signal sources have been reported in silicon [180]- [183]. A 283-GHz PLL employing a triple-push VCO was reported in [180], but the in-band phase noise was −53.5 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siliconization of millimeter-wave to terahertz surface-plasmonic transceiver and phase-locked loops

Liu¹

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The future 6G network and big-data center will be generating and capturing a wealth of data that was previously unimaginable. The conventional inter-server interconnects rely on optical cables that can reach Tera-scale; however, they are not fully based on integrated circuit (IC) processes and hence cannot be scaled down for both cost and power. Full integration in the complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technologies has been identified as the ultimate solution to build the low-cost, low-power, highly compact interconnect that meets the stringent requirement of next generation 100/400 GbE communication. Unfortunately, silicon channels suffer from strong electromagnetic crosstalk (and loss) at high speed with limited output power generated by the signal source. To overcome such issues, conventional data interfaces have implemented crosstalk-compensated equalizers and signal source leading to an excessively high 5-20 pJ/bit power efficiency. Furthermore, crosstalk-compensated equalizers have limited speeds up to 13 Gb/s.Recently, the integrated surface plasmonic polaritons (SPPs) components and circuits were proposed and implemented in silicon at the ultra-broadband terahertz (THz) frequency toward high-speed, lowpower, low-crosstalk signaling. The surface plasma (or surface wave) is a special electromagnetic (EM) wave to localize the free electron into the metal/medium interface, achieving extraordinary field confinement and enhancement. Implemented in advanced CMOS technologies, the design will be smaller, lighter, cheaper, and scalable for emerging applications such as low-crosstalk digital signaling, ultrahigh-speed communication, low-power transceiver, remote sensing, and threat detection.As there is a lack of knowledge on how to achieve surface plasmonic generation, transmission, modulation, conversion, and amplification in silicon, this thesis aims to conceptualize, design, implement, and validate several on-chip high-performance metadevices. Several I/O interface architectures are reviewed in Chapter 2, followed by the introduction of SPPs fundamentals, design, and comparison to conventional on-chip transmission lines. The impact of channel crosstalk on bit-error rate (BER) as well as power consumption will be evaluated based on link budget analysis. To evaluate how plasmonic can attenuate the channel crosstalk, the surface wave transmission lines (T-line) are modeled on the T-section network incorporated by the lossy T-line model. This model can also describe the impedance, phase shift, dispersion behavior, and loss of the surface plasmonic T-line from the circuit's perspective. Like other surface plasmonic T-lines implemented on the printed circuit boards (PCBs), impedance or momentum mismatch occurs between the TEM devices and the plasmonic devices. A gradient groove plasmonic converter is designed and experimentally verified in Chapter 3. Since the coplanar waveguide (CPW) is not involved for impedance conversion, the design is compact and therefore suitable for on-chip implementation.A split-...

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200–280GHz CMOS RF front-end of transmitter for rotational spectroscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Dual-Band Transmitter and Receiver With Bowtie-Antenna in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS for Gas Spectroscopy at 222 - 270 GHz

Dual-Band Transmitter and Receiver With Bowtie-Antenna in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS for Gas Spectroscopy at 222 - 270 GHz

A Megatrend Challenging Analytical Chemistry: Biosensor and Chemosensor Concepts Ready for the Internet of Things

Siliconization of millimeter-wave to terahertz surface-plasmonic transceiver and phase-locked loops

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