(2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid: a urinary biomarker of exposure for jet fuel JP-8

Abstract

This study demonstrated that urinary MEAA can be used as an accurate biomarker of exposure for JP-8 workers and clearly distinguished the differences in JP-8 exposure by workgroup category.

Evaluation and Comparison of Urinary Metabolic Biomarkers of Exposure for the Jet Fuel JP-8

“…The BMA and PMA results of this study are summarized in Table 1 and are compared to a summary of MEAA data that were collected and reported previously (B'Hymer et al 2012). The numbers of samples determined as positive for the presence of the BMA biomarker, that is, above the test method's LOD (0.5 ng/ml), were 96 (98.0%), 37 (97.4%), and 58 (95.1%) for the high, moderates and low exposure work-group categories, respectively.…”

“…Because of the low frequency of use of the parent compound, the MEAA metabolite has not been detected in the general population and should not appear in any significant quantity in a control population. MEAA has been studied for use as a biomarker previously in both humans (B'Hymer et al 2012) and animals (B'Hymer et al 2005a;Richards et al 1993). It has also been demonstrated that MEAA is the urinary metabolite best suited for use as a short-term biomarker for exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol (Richards et al 1993).…”

“…With the many constituent chemicals present at varying concentrations, the best or most accurate biomarker for JP-8 exposure has not been extensively addressed in the literature, and this was the main objective of the current study. Three potential biomarkers of JP-8 exposure were compared since a previous study had investigated only one of these potential biomarkers (B'Hymer et al 2012). …”

A Stable Cd(II)-Based Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Eu3+ Functionalization for Ratiometric Sensing on the Biomarker 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy) Acetic Acid

“…In industry, alkoxyethanols are often used as gasoline additives to improve the octane number, reduce pollution, and upgrade product quality . For instance, in the formulation of JP-8, a kerosene fuel widely used by the U.S. Air Force, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol is usually added as a deicing agent. , The compound is also used as an ink additive . However, the potential occupational health concern caused by 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol exposures cannot be ignored.…”

“…Early in 2003, B’Hymer et al realized the quantitative determination of MEAA in human urine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems . To date, gas chromatography (GC) methods have been developed into the main techniques applied to assess the biomarker MEAA. ,, Nevertheless, these detection methods require cumbersome pretreatment operations and relatively sophisticated instruments. Therefore, the development of a highly sensitive, easy-to-operate, and low-cost method for the rapid and accurate determination of MEAA in human urine and serum is becoming increasingly urgent.…”