2-D modeling to understand the design configuration and flow dynamics of Pond-In-Pond (PIP) wastewater treatment system for reuse

Abstract

Water reuse for irrigation is increasingly recognized as an essential and economical strategy in areas with water scarcity. A simple, low cost, low-maintenance, and highly efficient Pond-In-Pond (PIP) treatment system can be used for wastewater reuse. PIP is a treatment technology in which two types of ponds --anaerobic and aerobic --are combined into a single pond and consists of a deeper inner section entirely submerged within the outer pond. Previous studies on PIPs and PIP-like systems have reinforced the potential for reuse through promising performance results with BOD removal over 80% and a reduction in land area requirements by approximately 40%. Yet, no prior efforts have been made to understand the performance mechanism of such systems. This study makes use of two, 2-D modeling tools in developing a fundamental understanding of PIP flow dynamics and the expected performance. The modeling results showed that the PIP configuration offers improved flow-diversion along with reduced flow velocity. Additionally, the PIP retained approximately 17% more (p<0.05) particles than the traditional pond with most of the particles concentrated within the inner pond. Lower velocity and the higher solids retention in the PIP thus allowed for better treatment performance compared to traditional ponds.The findings from this study can be used as preliminary data for future in-depth investigations of the PIP system leading toward effective and optimal designs. This will help address the major societal concern of water scarcity with low-cost and effective wastewater treatment.

Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

“…The pond-in-pond wastewater treatment system, in which anaerobic and aerobic ponds are combined into a single pond, was also proposed for water reuse. This system is considered highly efficient, with low costs and low maintenance [47]. Xing et al (2021) revealed that the integrated chlor(am)ine-UV oxidation and UF may be considered a promising alternative for efficient wastewater recycle and reuse [48].…”

Performance evaluation of an oily industrial wastewater treatment system using the application of activated sludge model No. 3

“…Dynamic simulation of biochemical wastewater treatment allows for a thorough understanding of treatment processes through mathematical modelling (Al‐Wardy, Alquzweenib, & Al‐Saadi, 2021; Faris et al, 2022; Henze et al, 2000; Mu'azu, Alagha, & Anil, 2020). To lessen the disparities between modelling the output and real treatment results, activated sludge systems have been designed and optimized and their performance has been assessed using mathematical models (Adhikari, Fedler, & Asadi, 2021; Al‐Wardy, Alquzweenib, & Al‐Saadi, 2021; Faris et al, 2022). Among the several steady‐state and dynamic mathematical models that describe the ASP, the activated sludge model (ASM) is a recognized model in this field.…”

Modeling of novel processes for eliminating sidestreams impacts on full-scale sewage treatment plant using GPS-X7

“…The model simulation provides a valuable and effective tool to optimize complicated biological treatment processes. It has been recognized as an indispensable tool in redesigning and managing existing wastewater treatment plants 15 . Numerous commercial numerical simulation software (e.g., Simba, TOXCHEM, GPS-X, BioWin, and WEST) have incorporated activated sludge models (e.g., ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d, and ASM3) have been developed for engineering practices 16 , 17 .…”