Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Abou-Shady, Ahmed; El-Araby, Heba

doi:10.5772/intechopen.109928

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Desalination technologies include several processes that may be classified based on the type of energy used, namely thermal and none-thermal desalination (e.g., reverse osmosis, crystallization, and electrodialysis), as shown in Figure 6a [51], and the desalination technologies themselves are classified into two categories: water separation and salt separation (Figure 6b) [51]. Wastewater treatment may be classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary schemes, as shown in Figure 7 [52,53].…”

Section: Desalination and Wastewater Treatment For Marginal Water Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

Abou-Shady,

Siddique,

2023

Water

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Global climatic change intensifies the water crisis, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this regard, the provision of enough water for irrigation is a serious dilemma because the agricultural sector consumes the largest amount of water (70% withdrawal and 90% consumption). In this review, we have summarized recent innovations that have emerged as unconventional techniques to supply adequate water for irrigation purposes. We present the principles and basics of seven approaches: the Sahara Forest Project (SFP), water extraction from the air (WEA), aquifer recharge, the treatment of marginal water using a magnetic field, desalination and wastewater treatment (DWT), electro-agric technology (E-AT), and the Toshka Project. The SFP is currently being utilized in Aqaba, Jordan, and DWT is considered a common practice worldwide, whereas some of these innovations are still under investigation to ensure their feasibility for large-scale applications, such as E-AT. The Toshka Project is considered a wonderful idea that utilizes the water stored behind the High Dam in Lake Nasser, Egypt. Several approaches have been adopted to reduce the amount of water being used for irrigation, as the current amount of freshwater is insufficient for the requirements of increased agricultural consumption, particularly in hot, arid, and semi-arid regions.

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Section: Desalination and Wastewater Treatment For Marginal Water Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

Abou-Shady,

Siddique,

2023

Water

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“…The European Union proposed a new regulation in May 2020 regarding the reclaimed water minimum quality requirements that should be implemented in the agriculture sector in all member states that are supposed to be implemented from June 2023 [88]. Finally, it was concluded that there are several guidelines set for water reuse worldwide; however, there is no universal standard guideline established for reclaimed water to facilitate large-scale applications [109].…”

Section: Guidelines Set For Water Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Global Water Reuse during 2019–2021 and Perspectives to Overcome Future Water Crisis

Abou-Shady,

Siddique,

2023

Environments

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The exacerbation of the global water crisis due to an increase in global population, industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities, along with global climate change and limited water resources, makes water reuse inevitable in all continents. By 2030, global water consumption may grow to ~160% of the currently available volume. This study reviews recently published articles (2019–2021) to explore global case studies of water reuse and discusses future perspectives by country based on a literature survey on water reuse. There are 17 obstacles reported worldwide regarding water reuse (e.g., the properties and low amounts of treated water, regulations, financial challenges, etc.) and 10 advantages of utilizing reused water in various fields (e.g., overcoming the global water crisis, improving the economy, benefiting the industrial sector, etc.). The concept of reusing water has been accepted by countries in almost every continent (e.g., Australia, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and North America); the technical findings from different countries are summarized in this study. The water reuse scenario is not restricted to countries with limited water supply and can be applied to those with sufficient water resources (e.g., Canada and Brazil have also implemented water reuse policies). Water reuse can be utilized by human beings via indirect and direct potable recycling, as well as in agriculture, textile, construction, hotel, groundwater recharge, and aquaculture industries. However, a standard guideline for the application of reclaimed water at a global scale is unavailable. Several perspectives have been suggested for the future utilization of reclaimed water worldwide as an effort to secure and ensure the sustainability of existing natural water resources. Lastly, water reuse may be considered a potential alternative for reducing the burden on water resources in the future.

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A review of combined fouling on high-pressure membranes in municipal wastewater reuse: Behaviors, mechanisms, and pretreatment mitigation strategies

Liu,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Global Water Reuse during 2019–2021 and Perspectives to Overcome Future Water Crisis

A review of combined fouling on high-pressure membranes in municipal wastewater reuse: Behaviors, mechanisms, and pretreatment mitigation strategies

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