2. Actor-Networks

Hate Influencers’ Mediation of Hate on Telegram: “We Declare War Against the Anti-White System”

“…Mobile infrastructures afford greater reach and scope, embeddedness, and transparency (Hartmann, 2018; Star, 1999), and allow the smartphone to function as an “artefact of popular culture” and a tool to enhance the public sphere (Gordon, 2002, p. 18). The socio-sphere is independent of traditional spatial and temporal dimensions, but rather, “presents itself as a play of layers and filters ” (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 132). Information organized by a filter is a layer, which is a defining attribute of mixed reality (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 132).…”

“…Al-Rawi (2022) extended Gitlin’s concept of public sphericules to situate mobile applications as portable public spheres. To deal with the radical transition of the public sphere into digital domains, Krieger and Bellinger (2014, p. 13) propose “a social operating system ” as a way to build, maintain, and transform networks outside the orders of algorithmic rationality. This social operating system moves toward—rather than recoiling away from—the peripheral edges of chaos, allowing communicative action to resurrect spaces that support creativity, freedom, and responsibility that “drive self-organization and the emergence of unpredictable,” uncontrollable, and risky events (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 13).…”

“…To deal with the radical transition of the public sphere into digital domains, Krieger and Bellinger (2014, p. 13) propose “a social operating system ” as a way to build, maintain, and transform networks outside the orders of algorithmic rationality. This social operating system moves toward—rather than recoiling away from—the peripheral edges of chaos, allowing communicative action to resurrect spaces that support creativity, freedom, and responsibility that “drive self-organization and the emergence of unpredictable,” uncontrollable, and risky events (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 13). The social operating system allows the socio-sphere, a space of networking, to emerge as a “stage upon which social processes” and politics materialize (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 14).…”

“…This social operating system moves toward—rather than recoiling away from—the peripheral edges of chaos, allowing communicative action to resurrect spaces that support creativity, freedom, and responsibility that “drive self-organization and the emergence of unpredictable,” uncontrollable, and risky events (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 13). The social operating system allows the socio-sphere, a space of networking, to emerge as a “stage upon which social processes” and politics materialize (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 14). These spaces of networking entail public and private spheres encased by a social operating system constructed of mobile infrastructures, devices, and applications.…”

“…The socio-sphere is independent of traditional spatial and temporal dimensions, but rather, “presents itself as a play of layers and filters ” (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 132). Information organized by a filter is a layer, which is a defining attribute of mixed reality (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014, p. 132). Mixed reality is the process whereby physical spaces intermingle with complex information and communication systems, allowing humans and non-humans to converge in a state of hybridity—a socio-sphere—within the social operating system (Krieger & Bellinger, 2014).…”